Dataset Information

Effects of experimental N addition on plant diversity in an old-growth temperate forest.

ABSTRACT: Temperate forest ecosystems have experienced mounting negative effects due to increasing levels of nitrogen (N) deposition. We examined the effects of experimental N addition on plant diversity in an old-growth temperate forest to test the following hypothesis: Long-term excessive N addition decreases plant diversity by affecting the growth of plants, which results from changes in the soil nutrient content and a decrease in the soil pH in temperate forests. Experimental N additions were administered at the following levels since 2008: control (0 kg N ha^-1year^-1), low N (30 kg N ha^-1 year^-1), medium N (60 kg N ha^-1year^-1), and high N (120 kg N ha^-1 year^-1). Additionally, plant diversity was studied from 2014 to 2016. The results showed that the experimental N additions had significant effects on plant diversity and soil properties in an old-growth temperate forest. The high-N treatment decreased the density, cover, and diversity of understory plants, and some herbs even appeared to undergo premature aging, whereas the species diversity of herbs and ferns in the low-N treatment plots showed a slight increasing tendency. This may have been because the old-growth temperate forest is an N-limited ecosystem, so the moderate N input did not show a large influence on plant diversity. However, the long-term high-N treatment ultimately reduced plant diversity by changing the soil nutrient contents, decreasing the pH values, and damaging plant growth. Our results suggested that the long-term excessive N addition negatively affected the forest ecosystem in an N-limited temperature forest.

SUBMITTER: Lai M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6010721 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of experimental N addition on plant diversity in an old-growth temperate forest.

Lai Mengying M He Shanchuan S Yu Shuang S Jin Guangze G

Ecology and evolution 20180502 11

Temperate forest ecosystems have experienced mounting negative effects due to increasing levels of nitrogen (N) deposition. We examined the effects of experimental N addition on plant diversity in an old-growth temperate forest to test the following hypothesis: Long-term excessive N addition decreases plant diversity by affecting the growth of plants, which results from changes in the soil nutrient content and a decrease in the soil pH in temperate forests. Experimental N additions were administ ...[more]

PMID: 29938102

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Project description:Understanding trade-offs between demographic parameters is crucial when investigating community assembly rules in high-diversity forests. To this end, we estimated mortality and growth parameters, and correlations among them, across entire size classes for 17 tree species (Betula, Carpinus, Fagus, Quercus, Castanea, Acer, Cerasus, Swida, Kalopanax, and Styrax) using a dataset over 18 years obtained from an old-growth forest in Japan.Size classes were represented by 12 categories determined by age, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) from new seedlings to stems of DBH >85 cm. We derived the annual mortality and growth for each species and class using estimates of transition probabilities between classes. Trade-offs or synergies in growth and survival among species per size class were analyzed with and without the inclusion of phylogenetic relationships.Annual mortality showed U-shaped patterns across size classes for species that could potentially reach a DBH ≥55 cm: 0.2-0.98 for seedlings, 0.002-0.01 at DBH 35-45 cm, and ca. 0.01 at DBH ≥55 cm. Other species demonstrated monotonically decreasing mortality toward specific maximum size classes. When phylogenetic information was included in analyses, the correlations between survival and growth changed across size classes were significant for some classes: As an overall tendency, synergy was observed in growth and survival for seedling to sapling classes, trade-offs for juvenile to DBH 15-25 cm classes, and synergy again for larger classes. When phylogenetic information was not included, a significant trade-off was observed only at DBH 5-15 cm. Synthesis. Trade-offs at intermediate classes imply differentiation in demographic characteristics related to life history strategies. However, evolutionarily obtained demographic characteristics are not substantial drivers of niche differentiation in the study area. The polylemma of mortality, growth, and other parameters such as the onset of reproduction may also be important factors driving species-specific demographic traits.

Dataset Information

Effects of experimental N addition on plant diversity in an old-growth temperate forest.

Publications

Effects of experimental N addition on plant diversity in an old-growth temperate forest.

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