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Essential role of hydride ion in ruthenium-based ammonia synthesis catalysts.


ABSTRACT: The efficient reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia under low pressure and temperature conditions has been a challenge in meeting the rapidly increasing demand for fertilizers and hydrogen storage. Here, we report that Ca2N:e-, a two-dimensional electride, combined with ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru/Ca2N:e-) exhibits efficient and stable catalytic activity down to 200 °C. This catalytic performance is due to [Ca2N]+·e1-x-H x- formed by a reversible reaction of an anionic electron with hydrogen (Ca2N:e- + xH ↔ [Ca2N]+·e1-x-H x-) during ammonia synthesis. The simplest hydride, CaH2, with Ru also exhibits catalytic performance comparable to Ru/Ca2N:e-. The resultant electrons in these hydrides have a low work function of 2.3 eV, which facilitates the cleavage of N2 molecules. The smooth reversible exchangeability between anionic electrons and H- ions in hydrides at low temperatures suppresses hydrogen poisoning of the Ru surfaces. The present work demonstrates the high potential of metal hydrides as efficient promoters for low-temperature ammonia synthesis.

SUBMITTER: Kitano M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6013784 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Essential role of hydride ion in ruthenium-based ammonia synthesis catalysts.

Kitano Masaaki M   Inoue Yasunori Y   Ishikawa Hiroki H   Yamagata Kyosuke K   Nakao Takuya T   Tada Tomofumi T   Matsuishi Satoru S   Yokoyama Toshiharu T   Hara Michikazu M   Hosono Hideo H  

Chemical science 20160421 7


The efficient reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia under low pressure and temperature conditions has been a challenge in meeting the rapidly increasing demand for fertilizers and hydrogen storage. Here, we report that Ca<sub>2</sub>N:e<sup>-</sup>, a two-dimensional electride, combined with ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru/Ca<sub>2</sub>N:e<sup>-</sup>) exhibits efficient and stable catalytic activity down to 200 °C. This catalytic performance is due to [Ca<sub>2</sub>N]<sup>+</sup>·e<sub>1-<  ...[more]

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