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Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement: a review.

ABSTRACT: In this review, most of the known and postulated mechanisms of osteopontin (OPN) and its role in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement are discussed based on available literature. OPN, a multifunctional protein, is considered crucial for bone remodeling, biomineralization, and periodontal remodeling during mechanical tension and stress (orthodontic tooth movement). It contributes to bone remodeling by promoting osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity through CD44- and ?v?3-mediated cell signaling. Further, it has a definitive role in bone remodeling by the formation of podosomes, osteoclast survival, and osteoclast motility. OPN has been shown to have a regulatory effect on hydroxyapatite crystal (HAP) growth and potently inhibits the mineralization of osteoblast cultures in a phosphate-dependent manner. Bone remodeling is vital for orthodontic tooth movement. Significant compressive and tensional forces on the periodontium induce the signaling pathways mediated by various osteogenic genes including OPN, bone sialoprotein, Osterix, and osteocalcin. The signaling pathways involved in the regulation of OPN and its effect on the periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement are further discussed in this review. A limited number of studies have suggested the use of OPN as a biomarker to assess orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPN coding gene Spp1 with orthodontically induced root resorption remains largely unexplored. Accordingly, future research directions for OPN are outlined in this review.

SUBMITTER: Singh A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6015792 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement: a review.

Singh Amarjot A Gill Gurveen G Kaur Harsimrat H Amhmed Mohamed M Jakhu Harpal H

Progress in orthodontics 20180625 1

In this review, most of the known and postulated mechanisms of osteopontin (OPN) and its role in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement are discussed based on available literature. OPN, a multifunctional protein, is considered crucial for bone remodeling, biomineralization, and periodontal remodeling during mechanical tension and stress (orthodontic tooth movement). It contributes to bone remodeling by promoting osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity through CD44- and αvβ3-mediated c ...[more]

PMID: 29938297

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Project description:Periodontal accelerate osteogenesis orthodontics (PAOO) is an extension of described techniques that surgically alter the alveolar bone; however, the specific mechanism underlying the technique is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the roles of microRNA (miR)?21 during PAOO. Sprague?Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups: i) Group tooth movement (TM), underwent TM and were administered normal saline (NS); ii) Group PAOO, underwent PAOO + TM and were administered NS; iii) Group agomiR?21, underwent PAOO + TM and were administered agomiR?21; and iv) Group antagomiR?21, underwent PAOO + TM and were administered antagomiR?21. To validate the rat model of PAOO, morphological analyses were performed and measurements were collected. Reverse transcription?quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were performed to examine the expression levels of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), activin A receptor type 2B (ACVR2b), receptor activator of NF??? ligand (RANKL) and C?Fos. Dual?luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate PDCD4 as a target of miR?21 in vitro. Following 7 days of treatment, the TM distance of group PAOO was longer compared with groups TM and antagomiR?21 (P<0.05), but shorter compared with group agomiR?21 (P<0.05). Tartrate?resistant acid phosphatase staining indicated that following treatment with agomiR?21, osteoclast activity was notably increased, whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels of PDCD4 were notably decreased compared with group PAOO. The mRNA and protein expression levels of RANKL and C?Fos in group agomiR?21 were notably increased compared with group PAOO, whereas group antagomiR?21 displayed the opposite pattern (P<0.05). With regard to ACVR2b, no significant differences were observed among the group agomiR?21 and antagomiR?21 compared with group PAOO. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that PDCD4 was a potential target gene of miR?21, and dual?luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR?21 directly targeted PDCD4. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that miR?21 serves an important role during PAOO?mediated orthodontic TM.

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Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement: a review.

Publications

Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement: a review.

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