18?-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro by Blocking RANKL-Mediated RANK-TRAF6 Interactions and NF-?B and MAPK Signaling Pathways.
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ABSTRACT: Bone metabolism is determined by a delicate balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. The imbalance due to over-activated osteoclasts plays an important role in various diseases. Activation of NF-?B and MAPK signaling pathways by receptor activator of nuclear factor -?B ligand (RANKL) is vital for osteoclastogenesis. Here, we for the first time explored the effects of 18?-glycyrrhetinic acid (18?-GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in the Glycyrrhiza glabra L roots, on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast functions and signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. In bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells, 18?-GA inhibited osteoclastogenesis, decreased expression of TRAP, cathepsin K, CTR and MMP-9, blocked actin ring formation and compromised osteoclasts functions in a dose-dependent manner at an early stage with minimal effects on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). For underlying molecular mechanisms, 18?-GA inhibited RANKL-induced phosphorylation of p65, p50, and I?B, blocked p65 nuclear translocation and decreased the DNA-binding activity of NF-?B. Besides, 18?-GA inhibited the activation of the MAPK pathways. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that 18?-GA treatment blocked RANK-TRAF6 association at an upstream site. In vivo, 18?-GA treatment inhibited ovariectomy-induced osteoclastogenesis and reduced bone loss in mice. Overall, our results demonstrated that 18?-GA inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANK expression in preosteoclasts and blocking the binding of RANK and TRAF6 which lead to the inhibition of NF-?B and MAPK signaling pathways. 18?-GA is a promising novel candidate in the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis.
SUBMITTER: Chen X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6019442 | biostudies-literature | 2018
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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