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Vitamins A and E during Pregnancy and Allergy Symptoms in an Early Childhood-Lack of Association with Tobacco Smoke Exposure.

ABSTRACT: Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between maternal antioxidant levels during pregnancy and development of allergic diseases in their offspring. The aim of the study was to determine plasma vitamins A and E concentration in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, at delivery and in cord blood and to search for a relationship with allergy in up to 2-year-old children who were prenatally exposed or not exposed to tobacco smoke. The study participants included 252 mother-child pairs from Polish Mother and Child Cohort. Vitamin concentrations were measured using the HPLC-UV method, smoking status—as saliva cotinine level using the HPLC-MS/MS technique. Children’s health status was assessed using a questionnaire and pediatricians/allergists examination. Cord plasma vitamin concentrations were significantly lower than their levels in maternal plasma in the 1sttrimester and at delivery (p < 0.001). Significantly higher concentrations of vitamin E have been shown to occur during the 1st trimester of pregnancy in plasma of the women who have actively/passively smoked cigarettes compared to the non-smokers (p < 0.02). Multivariate analysis with inclusion of a variety of confounding factors have not indicated any statistically significant associations between β-carotene, vitamins A and E and the risk of food allergy, atopic dermatitis and wheezing in their children up to 2 years of age. The interaction between smoking during pregnancy and vitamins levels on the risk of allergy was not statistically significant (p < 0.4). The relationship between plasma concentration of vitamins A and E, and the risk of allergy in their young children has not been demonstrated.

SUBMITTER: Gromadzinska J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6025152 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Vitamins A and E during Pregnancy and Allergy Symptoms in an Early Childhood-Lack of Association with Tobacco Smoke Exposure.

Gromadzinska Jolanta J Polanska Kinga K Kozlowska Lucyna L Mikolajewska Karolina K Stelmach Iwona I Jerzyńska Joanna J Stelmach Włodzimierz W Grzesiak Mariusz M Hanke Wojciech W Wasowicz Wojciech W

International journal of environmental research and public health 20180612 6

Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between maternal antioxidant levels during pregnancy and development of allergic diseases in their offspring. The aim of the study was to determine plasma vitamins A and E concentration in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, at delivery and in cord blood and to search for a relationship with allergy in up to 2-year-old children who were prenatally exposed or not exposed to tobacco smoke. The study participants included 252 mother-child pairs from ...[more]

PMID: 29895780

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Project description:The developing fetus is especially vulnerable to environmental toxicants, including tobacco constituents. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment within the first two years of life. The study population consisted of 461 non-smoking pregnant women (saliva cotinine level <10 ng/mL). Maternal passive smoking was assessed based on the cotinine level in saliva analyzed by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI + MS/MS) and by questionnaire data. The cotinine cut-off value for passive smoking was established at 1.5 ng/mL (sensitivity 63%, specificity 71%). Psychomotor development was assessed in children at the age of one- and two-years using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Approximately 30% of the women were exposed to ETS during pregnancy. The multivariate linear regression model indicated that ETS exposure in the 1st and the 2nd trimesters of pregnancy were associated with decreasing child language functions at the age of one (? = -3.0, p = 0.03, and ? = -4.1, p = 0.008, respectively), and two years (? = -3.8, p = 0.05, and ? = -6.3, p = 0.005, respectively). A negative association was found for cotinine level ?1.5 ng/mL in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and child cognition at the age of 2 (? = -4.6, p = 0.05), as well as cotinine levels ?1.5 ng/mL in all trimesters of pregnancy and child motor abilities at two years of age (? = -3.9, p = 0.06, ? = -5.3, p = 0.02, and ? = -4.2, p = 0.05, for the 1st, the 2nd, and the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, respectively; for the 1st trimester the effect was of borderline statistical significance). This study confirmed that ETS exposure during pregnancy can have a negative impact on child psychomotor development within the first two years of life and underscore the importance of public health interventions aiming at reducing this exposure.

Project description:BackgroundPrior findings relating secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and internalizing problems, characterized by heightened anxiety and depression symptoms, have been equivocal; effects of SHS on neurodevelopment may depend on the presence of other neurotoxicants. Early life stress (ELS) is a known risk factor for internalizing symptoms and is also often concurrent with SHS exposure. To date the interactive effects of ELS and SHS on children's internalizing symptoms are unknown. We hypothesize that children with higher exposure to both prenatal SHS and ELS will have the most internalizing symptoms during the preschool period and the slowest reductions in symptoms over time.MethodsThe present study leveraged a prospective, longitudinal birth cohort of 564 Black and Latinx mothers and their children, recruited between 1998 and 2006. Cotinine extracted from cord and maternal blood at birth served as a biomarker of prenatal SHS exposure. Parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were examined at four timepoints between preschool and eleven years-old. ELS exposure was measured as a composite of six domains of maternal stress reported at child age five. Latent growth models examined associations between SHS, ELS, and their interaction term with trajectories of children's internalizing symptoms. In follow-up analyses, weighted quintile sum regression examined contributions of components of the ELS mixture to children's internalizing symptoms at each time point.ResultsELS interacted with SHS exposure such that higher levels of ELS and SHS exposure were associated with more internalizing symptoms during the preschool period (β = 0.14, p = 0.03). The interaction between ELS and SHS was also associated with a less negative rate of change in internalizing symptoms over time (β=-0.02, p = 0.01). Weighted quintile sum regression revealed significant contributions of maternal demoralization and other components of the stress mixture to children's internalizing problems at each age point (e.g., age 11 WQS β = 0.26, p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur results suggest that prior inconsistencies in studies of SHS on behavior may derive from unmeasured factors that also influence behavior and co-occur with exposure, specifically maternal stress during children's early life. Findings point to modifiable targets for personalized prevention.

Project description:BackgroundExposure to particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are associated with respiratory morbidity starting in utero. However, their potential synergistic effects have not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined the joint effects of prenatal and early life PM2.5 and prenatal ETS exposure on respiratory outcomes in children.Material and methodsWe studied 536 mother-child dyads in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) study in Mexico City. Exposure to PM2.5 was estimated using residence in pregnancy and child's first year of life with a satellite-based spatio-temporal model. ETS exposure was assessed by caregiver's report of any smoker in the household during the second or third trimester. Outcomes included report of ever wheeze and wheeze in the past 12 months (current wheeze) assessed when children were 6-8 years old considered in separate models. Associations were modeled using distributed lag models (DLM) with daily PM2.5 averages for pregnancy and the first year of life, adjusting for child's sex, birth weight z-score, mother's age and education at enrollment, maternal asthma, season of conception and stratified by prenatal ETS exposure (yes/no).ResultsWe identified a sensitive window from gestational week 14 through postnatal week 18 during which PM2.5 was associated with higher risk of ever wheeze at age 6-8 years. We also observed a critical window of PM2.5 exposure between postnatal weeks 6-39 and higher risk of current wheeze. We found significant associations between higher prenatal and early life PM2.5 exposure and higher cumulative risk ratios of ever wheeze (RR:3.76, 95%CI [1.41, 10.0] per 5 μg/m3) and current wheeze in the past year (RR:7.91, 95%CI [1.5, 41.6] per 5 μg/m3) only among children born to mothers exposed to ETS in pregnancy when compared to mothers who were not exposed.ConclusionsExposure to prenatal ETS modified the association between prenatal and early life PM2.5 exposure and respiratory outcomes at age 6-8 years. It is important to consider concurrent chemical exposures to more comprehensively characterize children's environmental risk. Interventions aimed at decreasing passive smoking might mitigate the effects of ambient air pollution.

Dataset Information

Vitamins A and E during Pregnancy and Allergy Symptoms in an Early Childhood-Lack of Association with Tobacco Smoke Exposure.

Publications

Vitamins A and E during Pregnancy and Allergy Symptoms in an Early Childhood-Lack of Association with Tobacco Smoke Exposure.

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