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The effect of applied voltages on the structure, apatite-inducing ability and antibacterial ability of micro arc oxidation coating formed on titanium surface.

ABSTRACT: The micro arc oxidation (MAO) coatings with different concentrations of Ca, P and Zn elements are successfully formed on the titanium substrate at the different applied voltages. After MAO treatment, the MAO coating exhibits the porous surface structure and composed of anatase and rutile TiO₂ phases. Meanwhile, the average size and density of micro-pores on the MAO coatings have been modified via the adjusting the applied voltages. In addition, the contents of the incorporated elements such as Zn, Ca and P elements in the MAO coatings have been optimized. The bonding strength test results reveal that the MAO coating shows higher bonding strength, which is up to 45?±?5?MPa. Compared to the pure Ti plate, the MAO coating formed at 350 and 400?V show good apatite-inducing ability. Meanwhile, the MAO coating containing Zn, Ca and P elements have better antibacterial ability for E.coli and S.aureus. Thus, the incorporation of Zn, Ca and P elements was an effective method to improve the antibacterial ability. Moreover, the concentrations of Zn, Ca and P elements could be adjusted with the changing of the applied voltages. As a result, the enhancement of the antibacterial ability on the MAO coating surfaces was depended on the comprehensive effect of the incorporated elements and the surface property of MAO coatings.

SUBMITTER: Du Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6031222 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effect of applied voltages on the structure, apatite-inducing ability and antibacterial ability of micro arc oxidation coating formed on titanium surface.

Du Qing Q Wei Daqing D Wang Yaming Y Cheng Su S Liu Shang S Zhou Yu Y Jia Dechang D

Bioactive materials 20180702 4

The micro arc oxidation (MAO) coatings with different concentrations of Ca, P and Zn elements are successfully formed on the titanium substrate at the different applied voltages. After MAO treatment, the MAO coating exhibits the porous surface structure and composed of anatase and rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> phases. Meanwhile, the average size and density of micro-pores on the MAO coatings have been modified via the adjusting the applied voltages. In addition, the contents of the incorporated element ...[more]

PMID: 29988748

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Project description:Titanium (Ti)-based alloys are widely used in tissue regeneration with advantages of improved biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and cell attachment. To obtain bioactive bone-implant interfaces with enhanced osteogenic capacity, various methods have been developed to modify the surface physicochemical properties of bio-inert Ti and Ti alloys. Nano-structured hydroxyapatite (HA) formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a synthetic material, which could facilitate osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and angiogenesis on the Ti surface. In this paper, we applied MAO and steam-hydrothermal treatment (SHT) to produce HA-coated Ti, hereafter called Ti-M-H. The surface morphology of Ti-M-H1 was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the element composition and the roughness of Ti-M-H1 were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Bruker stylus profiler, demonstrating the deposition of nano-HA particles on Ti surfaces that were composed of Ca, P, Ti, and O. Then, the role of Ti-M-H in osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro was evaluated. The data illustrated that Ti-M-H1 showed a good compatibility with osteoblasts (OBs), which promoted adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. Additionally, the secretion of ALP, Col-1, and extracellular matrix mineralization was increased by OBs treated with Ti-M-H1. Ti-M-H1 could stimulate endothelial cells to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor and promote the formation of capillary-like networks. Next, it was revealed that Ti-M-H1 also suppressed inflammation by activating macrophages, while releasing multiple active factors to mediate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Finally, in vivo results uncovered that Ti-M-H1 facilitated a higher bone-to-implant interface and was more attractive for the dendrites, which promoted osseointegration. In summary, MAO and SHT-treated Ti-M-H1 not only promotes in vitro osteogenesis and angiogenesis but also induces M2 macrophages to regulate the immune environment, which enhances the crosstalk between osteogenesis and angiogenesis and ultimately accelerates the process of osseointegration in vivo.

Project description:BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been widely used in orthopedics; however, it is still limited to the change of macroscopic structures. In order to further improve the biological properties of 3D-printed porous titanium scaffolds, this study introduced micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology to modify the surface of porous titanium scaffolds and construct bioactive coatings on the surface of porous titanium scaffolds to improve the biocompatibility and osseointegration ability of the material.MethodsFor in vitro experiments, human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) were seeded onto untreated scaffolds (control group) and MAO-treated scaffolds (experimental group). After 24 h of co-culture, cytotoxicity was observed using live/dead staining, and cell/scaffold constructs were retrieved and processed for the assessment of cell morphology by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell proliferation was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after 3, 7, and 14 days of co-culture. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the cell supernatant were detected after 7 and 14 days of co-culture. For in vivo experiments, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and Masson Goldner's staining were used to evaluate bone ingrowth and osseointegration at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively.ResultsIn vitro experiment results confirmed that the two groups of scaffolds were non-cytotoxic and the cell adhesion status on the MAO-treated scaffolds was better. Over time, cell proliferation and ALP levels were higher in the MAO-treated group than in the untreated scaffolds. In the in vivo experiments, the MAO-treated scaffolds showed better bone ingrowth and osseointegration than the untreated group at different time points.ConclusionsThe MAO-treated porous titanium scaffold formed a uniform and dense bioactive coating on the surface, which was more conducive to cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and showed better osseointegration and bone ingrowth in vivo.

Project description:Purpose:Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a fast and effective method to prepare nanoporous coatings with high biological activity and bonding strength. Simple micro/nano-coatings cannot fully meet the requirements of osteogenesis. To further improve the biological activity of a titanium surface, we successfully added biological magnesium (Mg2+) to a coating by micro-arc oxidation and evaluated the optimal magnesium concentration in the electrolyte, biocompatibility, cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenesis in vitro. Methods:Nanoporous titanium coatings with different concentrations of magnesium were prepared by micro-arc oxidation and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Mg2+ release ability of the magnesium-incorporated nanoporous titanium coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The cytotoxicity of the magnesium-incorporated nanoporous titanium coatings was detected with live/dead double-staining tests. A CCK-8 assay was employed to evaluate cell proliferation, and FITC-phalloidin was used to determine the structure of the cytoskeleton by staining ?-actin. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated by alizarin red S (ARS) staining to determine the effect of the coatings on osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation-related markers was measured using qRT-PCR. Results:EDS analyses revealed the successful addition of magnesium to the microporous coatings. The best magnesium concentration of the electrolyte for preparing the new coating was determined. The results showed that the nano-coatings prepared using the electrolyte with 2 g/L magnesium acetate best promoted the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Conclusion:These results suggest that the new titanium metal coating with a dual effect of promoting bone morphology and supplying the biological ion Mg2+ can be beneficial for rapid osseointegration.

Dataset Information

The effect of applied voltages on the structure, apatite-inducing ability and antibacterial ability of micro arc oxidation coating formed on titanium surface.

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The effect of applied voltages on the structure, apatite-inducing ability and antibacterial ability of micro arc oxidation coating formed on titanium surface.

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