Dataset Information

Testing the link between visual suppression and intelligence.

ABSTRACT: The impairment to discriminate the motion direction of a large high contrast stimulus or to detect a stimulus surrounded by another one is called visual suppression and is the result of the normal function of our visual inhibitory mechanisms. Recently, Melnick et al. (2013), using a motion discrimination task, showed that intelligence strongly correlates with visual suppression (r = 0.71). Cook et al. (2016) also showed a strong link between contrast surround suppression and IQ (r = 0.87), this time using a contrast matching task. Our aim is to test this link using two different visual suppression tasks: a motion discrimination task and a contrast detection task. Fifty volunteers took part in the experiments. Using Bayesian staircases, we measured duration thresholds in the motion experiment and contrast thresholds in the spatial experiment. Although we found a much weaker effect, our results from the motion experiment still replicate previous results supporting the link between motion surround suppression and IQ (r = 0.43). However, our results from the spatial experiment do not support the link between contrast surround suppression and IQ (r = -0.09). Methodological differences between this study and previous studies which could explain these discrepancies are discussed.

SUBMITTER: Arranz-Paraiso S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6034845 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Testing the link between visual suppression and intelligence.

Arranz-Paraíso Sandra S Serrano-Pedraza Ignacio I

PloS one 20180706 7

The impairment to discriminate the motion direction of a large high contrast stimulus or to detect a stimulus surrounded by another one is called visual suppression and is the result of the normal function of our visual inhibitory mechanisms. Recently, Melnick et al. (2013), using a motion discrimination task, showed that intelligence strongly correlates with visual suppression (r = 0.71). Cook et al. (2016) also showed a strong link between contrast surround suppression and IQ (r = 0.87), this ...[more]

PMID: 29979774

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Project description:A variety of factors have been linked to perioperative visual loss during or directly after nonocular and ocular surgeries. Prolonged immobilization, biochemical factors and hemodynamic instability have been discussed as factors in the pathogenesis of this devastating complication. Perioperative visual loss in four consecutive patients, all featuring Flammer syndrome, is reported herein. To our knowledge, we present the first case series, which associates perioperative visual loss with Flammer syndrome. We assume that a low perfusion pressure, disturbed autoregulation of the ocular blood flow and altered drug sensitivity in such subjects, play significant role in the pathogenesis of this dreaded complication.We analysed the medical records of four consecutive patients with permanent perioperative visual loss and complemented our findings with additional history taking and clinical examinations. A variety of tests was performed, including colour Doppler ultrasonography of the retroocular vessels, static and dynamic retinal vessel analysis. The visual loss was unilateral in three patients and bilateral in one. An extensive review of published perioperative vision loss cases was conducted. All four patients were male Caucasians, and exhibited prominent signs and symptoms of Flammer syndrome. The visual loss originated from a propensity for unstable ocular blood flow, combined with hyperreactivity toward pharmacological stimuli, leading together to disturbed autoregulation of the blood supply, and subsequently - to ocular hypoxia. An identified intrinsic hypoperfusion diathesis was a crucial pathophysiologic link in all of the patients. Other, yet unknown systemic or local factors may also be involved in this process.A review of numerous publications of perioperative visual loss and our data, support our hypothesis for a novel pathophysiologic model and incorporate Flammer syndrome as a distinct risk factor for paradoxical visual loss, during nonocular and ocular surgeries, or invasive procedures. To prevent the complications produced by disturbed blood flow autoregulation in such patients, guidelines for screening and tailored preoperative approach are given.

Dataset Information

Testing the link between visual suppression and intelligence.

Publications

Testing the link between visual suppression and intelligence.

Similar Datasets

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