Dataset Information

Screening and Evaluation of Yeast Antagonists for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry Fruits.

ABSTRACT: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is one of the most common diseases of strawberries (Fragaria?×?ananassa Duchesne) worldwide. Although many chemical fungicides are used for controlling the growth of B. cinerea, the risk of the fungus developing chemical resistance together with consumer demand for reducing the use of chemical fungicides have necessitated an alternative method to control this pathogen. Various naturally occurring microbes aggressively attack plant pathogens and benefit plants by suppressing diseases; these microbes are referred to as biocontrol agents. However, screening of potent biocontrol agents is essential for their further development and commercialization. In this study, 24 strains of yeast with antagonistic ability against gray mold were isolated, and the antifungal activity of the volatile and diffusible metabolites was evaluated. Putative mechanisms of action associated with the biocontrol capacity of yeast strains against B. cinerea were studied through in vitro and in vivo assays. The volatile organic compounds produced by the Galactomyces candidum JYC1146 could be useful in the biological control of plant pathogens and therefore are potential alternative fungicides with low environmental impact.

SUBMITTER: Chen PH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6037076 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Screening and Evaluation of Yeast Antagonists for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry Fruits.

Chen Pei-Hua PH Chen Rou-Yun RY Chou Jui-Yu JY

Mycobiology 20180329 1

Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is one of the most common diseases of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) worldwide. Although many chemical fungicides are used for controlling the growth of B. cinerea, the risk of the fungus developing chemical resistance together with consumer demand for reducing the use of chemical fungicides have necessitated an alternative method to control this pathogen. Various naturally occurring microbes aggressively attack plant pathogen ...[more]

PMID: 29998031

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Project description:Postharvest spoilage fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea, are considered the main cause of losses of fresh fruit quality and vegetables during storage, distribution, and consumption. The current control strategy is the use of SO2 generator pads whose application is now largely under observation. A high quantity of SO2 can be deleterious for fresh fruits and vegetables and it is not allowed in organic agriculture. For this reason, great attention has been recently focused on identifying Biological Control Agents (BCA) to implement biological approaches devoid of chemicals. In this direction, we carried out our study in isolating five different non-Saccharomyces yeast strains from local vineyards in the South of Italy as possible BCA. We performed both in vitro and in vivo assays in semi-commercial conditions on detached grape berries stored at 0 °C, simulating the temperature normally used during cold storage, and obtained relevant results. We isolated three M. pulcherrima strains and one L. thermotolerans strain able to largely antagonize the development of the B. cinerea, at both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In particular, we detected the ability of the three isolates of M. pulcherrima strains Ale4, N20/006, and Pr7 and the L. thermotolerans strain N10 to completely inhibit (100% in reduction) the mycelial growth of B. cinerea by producing fungistatic compounds. We found, using an extracellular lytic enzymes activity assay, that such activity could be related to lipid hydrolyzation, β-1,3-glucanase and pectinase activity, and pectinase and protease activity, depending on the yeasts used. Results from our in vitro assays allowed us to hypothesize for M. pulcherrima strains Ale4 and N20/006 a possible combination of both the production of soluble metabolites and volatile organic compounds to antagonize against B. cinerea growth. Moreover, in semi-commercial conditions, the M. pulcherrima strain N20/006 and L. thermotolerans strain N10 showed relevant antagonistic effect also at low concentrations (with a significantly reduction of 'slip skin' incidence of 86.4% and 72.7%, respectively), thus highlighting a peculiar property to use in commercial development for organic agriculture and the handling process.

Project description:Adding biochar, the solid coproduct of biofuel production, to peat can enhance strawberry growth, and disease resistance against the airborne fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, biochar can induce shifts in the strawberry rhizosphere microbiome. However, the moment that this biochar-mediated shift occurs in the rhizosphere is not known. Further, the effect of an above-ground infection on the strawberry rhizosphere microbiome is unknown. In the present study we established two experiments in which strawberry transplants (cv. Elsanta) were planted either in peat or in peat amended with 3% biochar. First, we established a time course experiment to measure the effect of biochar on the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities over time. In a second experiment, we inoculated the strawberry leaves with B. cinerea, and studied the impact of the infection on the rhizosphere bacterial community. The fungal rhizosphere community was stabilized after 1 week, except for the upcoming Auriculariales, whereas the bacterial community shifted till 6 weeks. An effect of the addition of biochar to the peat on the rhizosphere microbiome was solely measured for the bacterial community from week 6 of plant growth onwards. When scoring the plant development, biochar addition was associated with enhanced root formation, fruit production, and postharvest resistance of the fruits against B. cinerea. We hypothesize that the bacterial rhizosphere microbiome, but also biochar-mediated changes in chemical substrate composition could be involved in these events. Infection of the strawberry leaves with B. cinerea induced shifts in the bacterial rhizosphere community, with an increased bacterial richness. This disease-induced effect was not observed in the rhizospheres of the B. cinerea-infected plants grown in the biochar-amended peat. The results show that an above-ground infection has its effect on the strawberry rhizosphere microbiome, changing the bacterial interactions in the root-substrate interface. This infection effect on the bacterial rhizosphere microbiome seems to be comparable to, but less pronounced than the effect of biochar-addition to the peat. The biological meaning of these observations needs further research, but this study indicates that biochar and an above-ground pathogen attack help the plant to recruit rhizosphere microbes that may aid them in their plant growth and health.

Dataset Information

Screening and Evaluation of Yeast Antagonists for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry Fruits.

Publications

Screening and Evaluation of Yeast Antagonists for Biological Control of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> on Strawberry Fruits.

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