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Genetic analysis of water loss of excised leaves associated with drought tolerance in wheat.

ABSTRACT: Background:Wheat is widely affected by drought. Low excised-leaf water loss (ELWL) has frequently been associated with improved grain yield under drought. This study dissected the genetic control of ELWL in wheat, associated physiological, morphological and anatomical leaf traits, and compared these with yield QTLs. Methods:Ninety-four hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) doubled haploids, mapped with over 700 markers, were tested for three years for ELWL from detached leaf 4 of glasshouse-grown plants. In one experiment, stomata per unit area and leaf thickness parameters from leaf cross-sections were measured. QTLs were identified using QTLCartographer. Results:ELWL was significantly negatively correlated with leaf length, width, area and thickness. Major QTLs for ELWL during 0-3 h and 3-6 h were coincident across trials on 3A, 3B, 4B, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A, 7B, 7D and frequently coincident (inversely) with leaf size QTLs. Yield in other trials was sometimes associated with ELWL and leaf size phenotypically and genotypically, but more frequently under non-droughted than droughted conditions. QTL coincidence showed only ELWL to be associated with drought/control yield ratio. Discussion:Our results demonstrated that measures of ELWL and leaf size were equally effective predictors of yield, and both were more useful for selecting under favourable than stressed conditions.

SUBMITTER: Czyczylo-Mysza IM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6037134 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic analysis of water loss of excised leaves associated with drought tolerance in wheat.

Czyczyło-Mysza Ilona Mieczysława IM Marcińska Izabela I Skrzypek Edyta E Bocianowski Jan J Dziurka Kinga K Rančić Dragana D Radošević Radenko R Pekić-Quarrie Sofija S Dodig Dejan D Quarrie Stephen Alexander SA

PeerJ 20180706

<h4>Background</h4>Wheat is widely affected by drought. Low excised-leaf water loss (ELWL) has frequently been associated with improved grain yield under drought. This study dissected the genetic control of ELWL in wheat, associated physiological, morphological and anatomical leaf traits, and compared these with yield QTLs.<h4>Methods</h4>Ninety-four hexaploid wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) doubled haploids, mapped with over 700 markers, were tested for three years for ELWL from detached le ...[more]

PMID: 30002956

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Project description:BackgroundDrought is most likely the most significant abiotic stress affecting wheat yield. The discovery of drought-tolerant genotypes is a promising strategy for dealing with the world's rapidly diminishing water resources and growing population. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on 298 Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars to investigate the genetic basis of yield, yield components, and drought tolerance indices in two cropping seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) under rainfed and well-watered environments.ResultsA heatmap display of hierarchical clustering divided cultivars and landraces into four categories, with high-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes clustering in the same group. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that selecting genotypes based on the mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), and stress tolerance index (STI) can help achieve high-yield genotypes in the environment. Genome B had the highest number of significant marker pairs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) for both landraces (427,017) and cultivars (370,359). Similar to cultivars, marker pairs on chromosome 4A represented the strongest LD (r2 = 0.32). However, the genomes D, A, and B have the highest LD, respectively. The single-locus mixed linear model (MLM) and multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model (mrMLM) identified 1711 and 1254 significant marker-trait association (MTAs) (-log10 P > 3) for all traits, respectively. A total of 874 common quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were simultaneously discovered by both MLM and mrMLM methods. Gene ontology revealed that 11, 18, 6, and 11 MTAs were found in protein-coding regions (PCRs) for spike weight (SW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain number per spike (GN), and grain yield (GY), respectively.ConclusionThe results identified rich regions of quantitative trait loci (QTL) on Ch. 4A and 5A suggest that these chromosomes are important for drought tolerance and could be used in wheat breeding programs. Furthermore, the findings indicated that landraces studied in Iranian bread wheat germplasm possess valuable alleles, that are responsive to water-limited conditions. This GWAS experiment is one of the few types of research conducted on drought tolerance that can be exploited in the genome-mediated development of novel varieties of wheat.

Project description:Previous studies have shown that wheat grain yield is seriously affected by drought stress, and leaf cuticular wax is reportedly associated with drought tolerance. However, most studies have focused on cuticular wax biosynthesis and model species. The effects of cuticular wax on wheat drought tolerance have rarely been studied. The aims of the current study were to study the effects of leaf cuticular wax on wheat grain yield under drought stress using the above-mentioned wheat NILs and to discuss the possible physiological mechanism of cuticular wax on high grain yield under drought stress. Compared to water-irrigated (WI) conditions, the cuticular wax content (CWC) in glaucous and non-glaucous NILs under drought-stress (DS) conditions both increased; mean increase values were 151.1 and 114.4%, respectively, which was corroborated by scanning electronic microscopy images of large wax particles loaded on the surfaces of flag leaves. The average yield of glaucous NILs was higher than that of non-glaucous NILs under DS conditions in 2014 and 2015; mean values were 7368.37 kg·ha-1 and 7103.51 kg·ha-1. This suggested that glaucous NILs were more drought-tolerant than non-glaucous NILs (P = 0.05), which was supported by the findings of drought tolerance indices TOL and SSI in both years, the relatively high water potential and relative water content, and the low ELWL. Furthermore, the photosynthesis rate (Pn ) of glaucous and non-glaucous wheat NILs under DS conditions decreased by 7.5 and 9.8%, respectively; however, glaucous NILs still had higher mean values of Pn than those of non-glaucous NILs, which perhaps resulted in the higher yield of glaucous NILs. This could be explained by the fact that glaucous NILs had a smaller Fv/Fm reduction, a smaller PI reduction and a greater ABS/RC increase than non-glaucous NILs under DS conditions. This is the first report to show that wheat cuticular wax accumulation is associated with drought tolerance. Moreover, the leaf CWC can be an effective selection criterion in the development of drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.

Dataset Information

Genetic analysis of water loss of excised leaves associated with drought tolerance in wheat.

Publications

Genetic analysis of water loss of excised leaves associated with drought tolerance in wheat.

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