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Graphene Oxide-Coated Surface: Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation due to Specific Surface-Interface Interactions.

ABSTRACT: Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising and remarkable nanomaterial that exhibits antimicrobial activity due to its specific surface-interface interactions. In the present work, for the first time, we have reported the antibacterial activity of GO-coated surfaces prepared by two different methods (Hummers' and improved, i.e., GOH and GOI) against bacterial biofilm formation. The bacterial toxicity of the deposited GO-coated surfaces was investigated for both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) models of bacteria. The mechanism of inhibition is different on the coated surface than that in suspension, as determined by measurement of the percentage inhibition of biofilm formation, Ellman's assay, and colony forming unit (CFU) studies. The difference in the nature, degree of oxidative functionalities, and size of the synthesized GO nanoparticles mitigates biofilm formation. To better understand the antimicrobial mechanism of GO when coated on surfaces, we were able to demonstrate that beside reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress, the physical properties of the GO-coated substrate effectively inactivate bacterial cell proliferation, which forms biofilms. Light and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images display a higher inhibition in the proliferation of planktonic cells in Gram-negative bacteria as compared to that in Gram-positive bacteria. The existence of a smooth surface with fewer porous domains in GOI inhibits biofilm formation, as demonstrated by optical microscopy and AFM images. The oxidative stress was found to be lower in the coated surface as compared to that in the suspensions as the latter enables exposure of both a large fraction of the active edges and functionalities of the GO sheets. In suspension, GOH is selective against S. aureus whereas GOI showed inhibition toward E. coli. This study provides new insights to better understand the bactericidal activity of GO-coated surfaces and contributes to the design of graphene-based antimicrobial surface coatings, which will be valuable in biomedical applications.

SUBMITTER: Yadav N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6044898 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Graphene Oxide-Coated Surface: Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation due to Specific Surface-Interface Interactions.

Yadav Nisha N Dubey Amrita A Shukla Swapnil S Saini Chetan Prakash CP Gupta Govind G Priyadarshini Richa R Lochab Bimlesh B

ACS omega 20170703 7

Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising and remarkable nanomaterial that exhibits antimicrobial activity due to its specific surface-interface interactions. In the present work, for the first time, we have reported the antibacterial activity of GO-coated surfaces prepared by two different methods (Hummers' and improved, i.e., GOH and GOI) against bacterial biofilm formation. The bacterial toxicity of the deposited GO-coated surfaces was investigated for both Gram-negative (Es ...[more]

PMID: 30023683

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Project description:Bacteria and fungi can interact to form inter-kingdom biofilms in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are frequently detected in saliva and in dental biofilms associated with early childhood caries (tooth-decay), a prevalent oral disease induced by dietary sugars. However, how different sugars influence this bacterial-fungal interaction remains unclear. Here, we investigate whether specific sugars affect the inter-kingdom interaction in saliva and subsequent biofilm formation on tooth-mimetic surfaces. The microbes were incubated in saliva containing common dietary sugars (glucose and fructose, sucrose, starch, and combinations) and analyzed via fluorescence imaging and quantitative computational analyses. The bacterial and fungal cells in saliva were then transferred to hydroxyapatite discs (tooth mimic) to allow microbial binding and biofilm development. We found diverse bacterial-fungal aggregates which varied in size, structure, and spatial organization depending on the type of sugars. Sucrose and starch+sucrose induced the formation of large mixed-species aggregates characterized by bacterial clusters co-bound with fungal cells, whereas mostly single-cells were found in the absence of sugar or in the presence of glucose and fructose. Notably, both colonization and further growth on the apatitic surface were dependent on sugar-mediated aggregation, leading to biofilms with distinctive spatial organizations and 3D architectures. Starch+sucrose and sucrose-mediated aggregates developed into large and highly acidogenic biofilms with complex network of bacterial and fungal cells (yeast and hyphae) surrounded by an intricate matrix of extracellular glucans. In contrast, biofilms originated from glucose and fructose-mediated consortia (or without sugar) were sparsely distributed on the surface without structural integration, growing predominantly as individual species with reduced acidogenicity. These findings reveal the impact of dietary sugars on inter-kingdom interactions in saliva and how they mediate biofilm formation with distinctive structural organization and varying acidogenicity implicated with human tooth-decay.

Dataset Information

Graphene Oxide-Coated Surface: Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation due to Specific Surface-Interface Interactions.

Publications

Graphene Oxide-Coated Surface: Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation due to Specific Surface-Interface Interactions.

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