Dataset Information

Effect of chewing an apple on dental plaque removal and on salivary bacterial viability.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Studies on dental plaque removal by chewing an apple are scarce and dated, with conflicting findings. This study aimed to determine whether chewing an apple produced mechanical removal of dental plaque or had any effect on salivary bacterial viability.

Methods

The study group consisted of 20 healthy adults with good oral health status who were randomly assigned to brush their teeth or eat an apple. After 2 weeks, the experiment was repeated with the order reversed. Plaque index (PI) and the bacterial viability (BV) in a sample of whole saliva (spit) were determined before brushing or apple eating (baseline, B), immediately afterward (A) and 24 hours afterward (24).

Results

After chewing an apple, PI-A was significantly higher than both PI-B (P < .001) and PI-24 (P < .001). BV-A was significantly lower than BV-B (P < .001), with a return to baseline values at the BV-24 measurement.

Conclusions

Chewing an apple does not remove dental plaque, and may favor plaque regrowth during the first 24 hours, but it does produce an immediate reduction in salivary bacterial viability similar to that after tooth brushing.

SUBMITTER: Rubido S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6051571 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Effect of chewing an apple on dental plaque removal and on salivary bacterial viability.

Rubido Susana S García-Caballero Lucía L Abeleira María Teresa MT Limeres Jacobo J García Marta M Diz Pedro P

PloS one 20180718 7

<h4>Objectives</h4>Studies on dental plaque removal by chewing an apple are scarce and dated, with conflicting findings. This study aimed to determine whether chewing an apple produced mechanical removal of dental plaque or had any effect on salivary bacterial viability.<h4>Methods</h4>The study group consisted of 20 healthy adults with good oral health status who were randomly assigned to brush their teeth or eat an apple. After 2 weeks, the experiment was repeated with the order reversed. Plaq ...[more]

PMID: 30020943

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Project description:Poor oral health is the most immediate and overlooked hazard of methamphetamine abuse in humans. Previous studies have reported methamphetamine-associated alterations in saliva microbiota, but the cause of methamphetamine-induced alterations in the oral microenvironment remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the alterations in dental plaque microbiota in methamphetamine users, and to explore their relationship with local immune inflammation in the oral cavity. This may provide new ideas on the development of methamphetamine-related oral microenvironment changes. Questionnaires and samples were obtained from 30 female methamphetamine users and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Microbial profiles of supragingival dental plaque were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inflammatory factors in saliva were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methamphetamine users had worse oral self-evaluation. Compared with healthy controls, methamphetamine users showed no differences in oral dental plaque microbial diversity but exhibited differences in the relative abundance of several microbial taxa. At the phylum level, a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and a lower abundance of Firmicutes were detected in methamphetamine users. Moreover, function prediction using the MetaCyc database showed that 33 pathways were significantly upregulated in methamphetamine users; Only the glycolytic (Pyrococcus) pathway was enriched in the C group. Importantly, salivary inflammatory factors showed complex significant associations with bacterial genera in methamphetamine users. Specifically, the genus Neisseria was positively correlated with IL-17 levels in saliva, and both were high in methamphetamine users. In contrast, the genus Streptococcus, with a lower abundance, was positively correlated with lower IL-10 levels. Overall, This study is the first to provide evidence for a link between altered dental plaque microbiota and salivary inflammation in methamphetamine users. Further elucidation of the interactions between methamphetamine use and oral microenvironment would be beneficial for appropriate interventions to improve oral health.

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Dataset Information

Effect of chewing an apple on dental plaque removal and on salivary bacterial viability.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Effect of chewing an apple on dental plaque removal and on salivary bacterial viability.

Similar Datasets

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