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Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Mortality From Inflammatory Diseases in Older Adults.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) with long-term mortality attributed to inflammatory causes other than cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer in a national cohort of older adults in Spain. Design: Prospective study. Setting and Participants: A cohort of 3,677 individuals (1,626 men) aged ?60 years was followed-up during 14.3 years. Measures: At baseline, individuals reported PA and ST. The study outcome was death from inflammatory diseases when CVD or cancer mortality was excluded. This outcome was classified into infectious and non-infectious conditions. Analyses were performed with Cox regression and adjusted for PA, ST, and other main confounders (age, sex, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and chronic conditions). Results: During follow-up, 286 deaths from inflammatory diseases (77 from infectious diseases) were identified. Compared to individuals who defined themselves as inactive/less active, mortality from inflammatory diseases was lower in those who were moderately active (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50-0.90) or very active (HR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.33-0.68), independently of ST. Also, being seated ?7 h/d vs. <7 h/d was linked to higher mortality (HR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.02-1.87). The largest risk of mortality was observed in inactive/less active individuals with ST?7 h/d (HR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.59-3.29) compared to those with moderate/very PA and ST <7 h/d. Low PA and high ST were consistently associated with a higher risk of mortality from non-infectious inflammatory causes. Associations of PA and ST with mortality from infectious inflammatory causes showed a similar trend, but most of them did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Low PA and high ST were independently associated with higher mortality from inflammatory diseases other than CVD or cancer in older adults. Interventions addressing simultaneously both behaviors could have greater benefits than those focusing on only one of them.

SUBMITTER: Cabanas-Sanchez V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6052124 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Mortality From Inflammatory Diseases in Older Adults.

Cabanas-Sánchez Verónica V Guallar-Castillón Pilar P Higueras-Fresnillo Sara S García-Esquinas Esther E Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando F Martinez-Gomez David D

Frontiers in physiology 20180712

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) with long-term mortality attributed to inflammatory causes other than cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer in a national cohort of older adults in Spain. Design: Prospective study. Setting and Participants: A cohort of 3,677 individuals (1,626 men) aged ≥60 years was followed-up during 14.3 years. Measures: At baseline, individua ...[more]

PMID: 30050463

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Project description:ImportanceFor the first time, the 2020 World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity recommended reducing sedentary behaviors owing to their health consequences. Less is known on the specific association of prolonged occupational sitting with health, especially in the context of low physical activity engagement.ObjectiveTo quantify health risks associated with prolonged occupational sitting and to determine whether there is a certain threshold of physical activity that may attenuate it.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective cohort study included participants in a health surveillance program in Taiwan who were followed-up between 1996 and 2017. Data on occupational sitting, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) habits, lifestyle, and metabolic parameters were collected. Data analysis was performed in December 2020.Main outcomes and measuresThe all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality associated with 3 occupational sitting volumes (mostly sitting, alternating sitting and nonsitting, and mostly nonsitting) were analyzed applying multivariable Cox regression models to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for all participants and by subgroups, including 5 LTPA levels and a personal activity intelligence (PAI)-oriented metric. Deaths occurring within the initial 2 years of follow-up were excluded to prevent reverse causality.ResultsThe total cohort included 481 688 participants (mean [SD] age, 39.3 [12.8] years; 256 077 women [53.2%]). The study recorded 26 257 deaths during a mean (SD) follow-up period of 12.85 (5.67) years. After adjusting for sex, age, education, smoking, drinking, and body mass index, individuals who mostly sat at work had a 16% higher all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20) and a 34% increased mortality risk from CVD (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.46) compared with those who were mostly nonsitting at work. Individuals alternating sitting and nonsitting at work did not experience increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with individuals mostly nonsitting at work (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05). For individuals mostly sitting at work and engaging in low (15-29 minutes per day) or no (<15 minutes per day) LTPA, an increase in LTPA by 15 and 30 minutes per day, respectively, was associated with a reduction in mortality to a level similar to that of inactive individuals who mostly do not sit at work. In addition, individuals with a PAI score exceeding 100 experienced a notable reduction in the elevated mortality risk associated with prolonged occupational sitting.Conclusions and relevanceAs part of modern lifestyles, prolonged occupational sitting is considered normal and has not received due attention, even though its deleterious effect on health outcomes has been demonstrated. In this study, alternating between sitting and nonsitting at work, as well as an extra 15 to 30 minutes per day of LTPA or achieving a PAI score greater than 100, attenuated the harms of prolonged occupational sitting. Emphasizing the associated harms and suggesting workplace system changes may help society to denormalize this common behavior, similar to the process of denormalizing smoking.

Project description:BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sitting time with quality of life in cancer survivors compared with a cancer-free group. The current study examined differences in global mental health (GMH) and global physical health (GPH) across levels of MVPA and sitting among cancer survivors and cancer-free participants.MethodsCancer Prevention Study II participants (59.9% of whom were female with an age of 77.8 ± 5.8 years) were grouped as: 1) survivors who were 1 to 5 years after diagnosis (3718 participants); 2) survivors who were 6 to 10 years after diagnosis (4248 participants); and 3) cancer-free participants (ie, no history of cancer; 69,860 participants). In 2009, participants completed MVPA, sitting, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System GMH/GPH surveys. Mean differences in GMH and GPH T scores across MVPA (none, 0 to <7.5, 7.5 to <15, 15 to <22.5, and ≥22.5 metabolic equivalent [MET]-hours/week) and sitting (0 to <3, 3 to <6, and ≥6 hours/day) were assessed using multivariate generalized linear models.ResultsThe mean GMH and GPH scores were statistically significantly higher in cancer-free participants compared with cancer survivor groups, although the differences were not clinically meaningful (mean difference of 0.52 for GMH and 0.88 for GPH). More MVPA was associated with higher GMH and GPH scores for all 3 groups (P for trend <.001), and differences between the least and most active participants were found to be clinically meaningful (mean differences of ≥4.34 for GMH and ≥6.39 for GPH). Similarly, a lower duration of sitting was associated with higher GMH and GPH scores for all groups (P for trend <.001), with clinically meaningful differences observed between the least and most sedentary participants (mean differences of ≥2.74 for GMH and ≥3.75 for GPH).ConclusionsThe findings of the current study provide evidence of the importance of increased MVPA and decreased sitting for improved health in older adults with or without a prior cancer diagnosis.

Project description:BackgroundOur aim was to investigate the association of macroeconomic, human development, and demographic factors with different domains of physical activity and sitting time among South American adults.MethodsWe used data from nationally representative samples in Argentina (n = 26,932), Brazil (n = 52,490), Chile (n = 3866), Colombia (n = 14,208), Ecuador (n = 19,883), Peru (n = 8820), and Uruguay (n = 2403). Our outcomes included leisure time (≥150 min/week), transport (≥10 min/week), occupational (≥10 min/week), and total (≥150 min/week) physical activity, as well as sitting time (≥4 h/day), which were collected through self-reported questionnaires. As exposures, gross domestic product, total population, population density, and human development index indicators from the most updated national census of each country were used. Age and education were used as covariates. Multilevel logistic regressions with harmonized random effect meta-analyses were conducted, comparing highest vs. lowest (reference) tertiles.ResultsHigher odds for transport physical activity were observed among the highest tertiles of total population (ORmen: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23-1.62), ORwomen: 1.51; 95% CI:1.32-1.73), population density (ORmen: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.18-1.57, ORwomen: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.30-1.70), and gross domestic product (ORmen: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35, ORwomen: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.20-1.61). For leisure physical activity, women living in departments with higher human development index presented 18% higher odds for being active, and for total physical activity a similar estimate in both sexes was observed among those who live in more populated areas. No consistent associations were found for occupational physical activity and sitting time.ConclusionMacroeconomic, demographic and human development indicators are associated with different domains of physical activity in the South American context, which can in turn guide policies to promote physical activity in the region.

Project description:ImportanceHigher amounts of physical activity are associated with increased longevity. However, whether different leisure time physical activity types are differentially associated with mortality risk is not established.ObjectivesTo examine whether participation in equivalent amounts of physical activity (7.5 to <15 metabolic equivalent of task [MET] hours per week) through different activity types is associated with mortality risk and to investigate the shape of the dose-response association.Design, setting, and participantsParticipants in this cohort were respondents from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study who completed the follow-up questionnaire between 2004 and 2005. This questionnaire collected data on weekly durations of different types of physical activities. Mortality was ascertained through December 31, 2019.ExposuresMET hours per week spent participating in the following activities: running, cycling, swimming, other aerobic exercise, racquet sports, golf, and walking for exercise.Main outcomes and measuresAll-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Separate multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of mortality for each of the 7 types of leisure time physical activities, as well as the sum of these activities.ResultsA total of 272 550 participants (157 415 men [58%]; mean [SD] age at baseline, 70.5 [5.4] years [range, 59-82 years]) provided information on types of leisure time activity, and 118 153 (43%) died during a mean (SD) follow-up of 12.4 (3.9) years. In comparison with those who did not participate in each activity, 7.5 to less than 15 MET hours per week of racquet sports (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.93) and running (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.92) were associated with the greatest relative risk reductions for all-cause mortality, followed by walking for exercise (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89-0.93), other aerobic activity (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95), golf (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.97), swimming (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98), and cycling (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99). Each activity showed a curvilinear dose-response association with mortality risk; low MET hours per week of physical activity for any given activity type were associated with a large reduction in mortality risk, with diminishing returns for each increment in activity thereafter. Associations were similar for cardiovascular and cancer mortality.Conclusions and relevanceThis cohort study of older individuals found differences between different types of leisure time activities and mortality risk, but there were significant associations between participating in 7.5 to less than 15 MET hours per week of any activity and mortality risk.

Dataset Information

Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Mortality From Inflammatory Diseases in Older Adults.

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Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Mortality From Inflammatory Diseases in Older Adults.

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