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Gadolinium-doped hollow CeO2-ZrO2 nanoplatform as multifunctional MRI/CT dual-modal imaging agent and drug delivery vehicle.

ABSTRACT: Developing multifunctional nanoparticle-based theranostic platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment is highly desirable, however, most of the present theranostic platforms are fabricated via complicated structure/composition design and time-consuming synthesis procedures. Herein, the multifunctional Gd/CeO2-ZrO2/DOX-PEG nanoplatform with single nano-structure was fabricated through a facile route, which possessed MR/CT dual-model imaging and chemotherapy ability. The nanoplatform not only exhibited well-defined shapes, tunable compositions and narrow size distributions, but also presented a well anti-cancer effect and MR/CT imaging ability. Therefore, the Gd/CeO2-ZrO2/DOX-PEG nanoplatform could be applied for chemotherapy as well as dual-model MR/CT imaging.

SUBMITTER: Wei Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6058605 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gadolinium-doped hollow CeO2-ZrO2 nanoplatform as multifunctional MRI/CT dual-modal imaging agent and drug delivery vehicle.

Wei Zuwu Z Wu Ming M Li Zuanfang Z Lin Zhan Z Zeng Jinhua J Sun Haiyan H Liu Xiaolong X Liu Jingfeng J Li Buhong B Zeng Yongyi Y

Drug delivery 20181101 1

Developing multifunctional nanoparticle-based theranostic platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment is highly desirable, however, most of the present theranostic platforms are fabricated via complicated structure/composition design and time-consuming synthesis procedures. Herein, the multifunctional Gd/CeO2-ZrO2/DOX-PEG nanoplatform with single nano-structure was fabricated through a facile route, which possessed MR/CT dual-model imaging and chemotherapy ability. The nano ...[more]

PMID: 29366349

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Project description:BackgroundRadiotherapy is a commonly used tool in clinical practice to treat solid tumors. However, due to the unique microenvironment inside the tumor, such as high levels of GSH, overexpressed H2O2 and hypoxia, these factors can seriously affect the effectiveness of radiotherapy.ResultsTherefore, to further improve the efficiency of radiotherapy, a core-shell nanocomposite CeO2-MnO2 is designed as a novel radiosensitizer that can modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and thus improve the efficacy of radiation therapy. CeO2-MnO2 can act as a radiosensitizer to enhance X-ray absorption at the tumor site while triggering the response behavior associated with the tumor microenvironment. According to in vivo and in vitro experiments, the nanoparticles aggravate the killing effect on tumor cells by generating large amounts of ROS and disrupting the redox balance. In this process, the outer layer of MnO2 reacts with GSH and H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment to generate ROS and release oxygen, thus alleviating the hypoxic condition in the tumor area. Meanwhile, the manganese ions produced by degradation can enhance T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, CeO2-MnO2, due to its high atomic number oxide CeO2, releases a large number of electrons under the effect of radiotherapy, which further reacts with intracellular molecules to produce reactive oxygen species and enhances the killing effect on tumor cells, thus having the effect of radiotherapy sensitization. In conclusion, the nanomaterial CeO2-MnO2, as a novel radiosensitizer, greatly improves the efficiency of cancer radiation therapy by improving the lack of oxygen in tumor and responding to the tumor microenvironment, providing an effective strategy for the construction of nanosystem with radiosensitizing function.ConclusionIn conclusion, the nanomaterial CeO2-MnO2, as a novel radiosensitizer, greatly improves the efficiency of cancer radiation therapy by improving the lack of oxygen in tumor and responding to the tumor microenvironment, providing an effective strategy for the construction of nanosystems with radiosensitizing function.

Project description:In the present work, the activity of Ce and Er-doped ZrO2 nanopowders for sun-driven photocatalytic water oxidation has been investigated. ZrO2 powders with tunable amounts of tetragonal, monoclinic and cubic polymorphs have been synthesized by introducing Ce and Er (from 0.5 to 10 mol % on an oxide basis) through hydrothermal method. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of rare earth (RE) ions rich of electrons (Er3+) and with entirely empty levels (Ce4+) in the ZrO2 matrix for the sun-driven photocatalytic water oxidation reaction. The samples have been characterized by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometry (XPS) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). With respect to the bare ZrO2 mainly containing monoclinic (m-) phase, an increasing amount of rare-earth (RE) dopant was found to improve the specific BET surface area and to stabilize the tetragonal (t-) or cubic (c-) polymorphs of ZrO2 at room temperature. XRD data confirmed that dopants were mainly inserted in the t-ZrO2 phase. The photocatalytic O2 evolution from water under AM 1.5 G simulated sunlight illumination of the prepared samples have been correlated with their optical, structural and chemical properties. The effect of the dopant concentration on the chemical-physical and photocatalytic properties of the Er- and Ce-doped ZrO2 materials was elucidated. The samples with 5% of RE oxide were the most active, i.e., three times more than pure zirconia. Their superior photocatalytic activity was found to be mainly correlated to two factors: (i) an optimal surface concentration of RE ions of about 3.7%, which increased charge carriers separation in the photocatalysts surface due more superficial defects of the t-ZrO2 and a higher surface area, thus enhancing the reaction kinetics, (ii) a controlled amount of monoclinic vs. tetragonal (or cubic) polymorphs of zirconia with an optimum ratio of about 70/30 of t-ZrO2/m-ZrO2. Instead, the increased ability of the RE-doped ZrO2 to harvest visible light was found to have a secondary role on the photocatalytic activity of the Ce-doped ZrO2 material.

Project description:The thermal deactivation of Pd/CeO2-ZrO2 (Pd/CZ) three-way catalysts was studied via nanoscale structural characterization and catalytic kinetic analysis to obtain a fundamental modeling concept for predicting the real catalyst lifetime. The catalysts were engine-aged at 600-1100 °C and used for chassis dynamometer driving test cycles. Observations using an electron microscope and chemisorption experiments showed that the Pd particle size significantly changed in the range of 10-550 nm as a function of aging temperatures. The deactivated catalyst structure was modeled using different-sized hemispherical Pd particles that were in intimate contact with the support surface. Therefore, Pd/CZ contained two types of surface Pd sites residing on the surface of a hemisphere (Pds) and circular periphery of the Pd/CZ interface (Pdb), whereas a reference catalyst, Pd/Al2O3, contained only Pds. In all Pd particle sizes investigated herein, Pd/CZ exhibited higher reaction rates than Pd/Al2O3, which nonlinearly increased with increasing slope as the weight-based number of surface-exposed Pd atoms ([Pds] + [Pdb]) increased. This finding contrasted with that of Pd/Al2O3, where the reaction rate linearly increased with [Pds]. When the Pds sites in both catalysts were equivalent in terms of their specific activities, the activity difference between Pd/CZ and Pd/Al2O3 corresponded to the contribution from Pdb, where oxygen storage/release to/from CZ played a key role. This contribution linearly increased with [Pdb] and therefore decreased with Pd sintering. Although both Pds and Pdb sites showed nearly constant turnover frequencies despite the difference in the Pd particle size, the values for Pdb were more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than those for Pds when assuming a single-atom width one-dimensional Pdb row model. These results suggest that the thermal deterioration of the three-phase boundary site, where Pd, CZ, and the gas phase meet, determines the activity under surface-controlled conditions.

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Gadolinium-doped hollow CeO2-ZrO2 nanoplatform as multifunctional MRI/CT dual-modal imaging agent and drug delivery vehicle.

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Gadolinium-doped hollow CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoplatform as multifunctional MRI/CT dual-modal imaging agent and drug delivery vehicle.

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