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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhanced fungal colonization and suppressed innate immune response to fungal infection in nematodes.

ABSTRACT: The underlying molecular mechanisms for multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-induced in vivo toxicity on innate immunity are still largely unclear. Considering the potential of Caenorhabditis elegans for the study of innate immune response of animals, we employed this in vivo assay system to investigate the effects of MWCNTs on innate immune response of animals and the underlying mechanisms. Pre-exposure to MWCNTs at concentrations more than 100 ?g L^-1 enhanced the adverse effect of fungal infection in reducing lifespan. With regard to the underlying cellular mechanisms, we found that MWCNT pre-exposure enhanced colony formation of Candida albicans in the body of nematodes, and suppressed innate immune response of nematodes by decreasing expression levels of some antimicrobial genes. With regard to the underlying molecular mechanisms, we found that MWCNTs decreased expression levels of pmk-1, sek-1, and nsy-1 genes encoding the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and inhibited translational expression of PMK-1::GFP in the intestine and phosphorylation of PMK-1. Epistasis assays showed that MWCNTs required the involvement of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway mediated by a NSY-1-SEK-1-PMK-1 cascade to enhance the toxicity of fungal infection, increase fungal colony formation, and suppress innate immune response. Thus, our results suggest that MWCNTs may possess immunoinhibitory effects by affecting the functions of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Our study also provides meaningful insights into the role of innate immune system of hosts against the toxicity of environmental toxicants.

SUBMITTER: Shakoor S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6062404 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhanced fungal colonization and suppressed innate immune response to fungal infection in nematodes.

Shakoor Shumaila S Sun Lingmei L Wang Dayong D

Toxicology research 20160104 2

The underlying molecular mechanisms for multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-induced in vivo toxicity on innate immunity are still largely unclear. Considering the potential of Caenorhabditis elegans for the study of innate immune response of animals, we employed this in vivo assay system to investigate the effects of MWCNTs on innate immune response of animals and the underlying mechanisms. Pre-exposure to MWCNTs at concentrations more than 100 μg L-1 enhanced th ...[more]

PMID: 30090363

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Project description:The studies focusing on magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) composites have recently become fairly widespread because of MOC's excellent mechanical properties and environmental sustainability. Numerous fillers, admixtures and nano-dopants were studied in order to improve the overall performance of MOC-based derivatives. Some of them exhibited specific flaws, such as a tendency to aggregate, increase in porosity, aeration of the composite matrix, depreciation in water resistance and mechanical strength, etc. In this manuscript, MOC-based composites doped by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are designed and tested. In order to modify the final properties of composites, diatomite was admixed as partial substitution of MgO, which was used in the composition of the researched material in excess, i.e., the majority of MgO constituted part of MOC and the rest served as fine filler. The composites were subjected to the broad experimental campaign that covered SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), OM (optical microscopy) and STA-MS (simultaneous thermal analysis with mass spectroscopy). For 28 days hardened samples, macrostructural and microstructural parameters, mechanical properties, hygric and thermal characteristics were experimentally assessed. The incorporation of MWCNTs and diatomite resulted in the significant enhancement of composites' compactness, mechanical strength and stiffness and reduction in water absorption and rate of water imbibition. The thermal properties of the enriched MOC composites yielded interesting values and provided information for future modification of thermal performance of MOC composites with respect to their specific use in practice, e.g., in passive moderation of indoor climate. The combination of MWCNTs and diatomite represents a valuable modification of the MOC matrix and can be further exploited in the design and development of advanced building materials and components.

Dataset Information

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhanced fungal colonization and suppressed innate immune response to fungal infection in nematodes.

Publications

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhanced fungal colonization and suppressed innate immune response to fungal infection in nematodes.

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