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Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of a wax deficient citrus mutant exhibiting jasmonic acid-mediated defense against fungal pathogens.

ABSTRACT: Naturally, resistant crop germplasms are important resources for managing the issues of agricultural product safety and environment deterioration. We found a spontaneous mutant of 'Newhall' navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) (MT) with broad-spectrum protections against fungal pathogens in the orchard, postharvest-storage, and artificial inoculation conditions. To understand the defense mechanism of MT fruit, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic network that integrated metabolome and transcriptome datasets. The coordinated transcriptomic and metabolic data were enriched in two sub-networks, showing the decrease in very long chain fatty acid (by 41.53%) and cuticular wax synthesis (by 81.34%), and increase in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) (by 95.23%) and JA-induced metabolites such as 5-dimethylnobietin (by 28.37%) in MT. Furthermore, cytological and biochemical analyses confirmed that the response to fungal infection in MT was independent of wax deficiency and was correlated with the levels of jasmonates, and the expression of plant defensin gene PDF1.2. Results of exogenous application of MeJA and JA inhibitors such as propyl gallate proved that JA-mediated defense contributes to the strong tolerance against pathogens in MT. Our results indicated that jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling are stimulated by the fatty acid redirection of MT, and participate in the tolerance of pathogenic fungi.

SUBMITTER: He Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6068166 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Plants have evolved a sophisticated system to respond to various stresses. Fungal attack or infection is one of the most important biotic stresses for most plants. During the defense response to fungal infection, the plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play critical roles. Here, gene expression data on JA/SA treatments and Melampsora larici-populina (MLP) infection were generated. Integrated transcriptome analyses of these data were performed, and 943 genes in total were identified as common responsive genes (CRG). Gene ontology (GO) term analysis revealed that the genes from CRG are generally involved in the processes of stress responses, metabolism, and growth and development. The further cluster analysis of the CRG identified a set of core genes that are involved in the JA/SA-mediated response to fungal defense with distinct gene expression profiles upon JA/SA treatment, which highlighted the different effects of these two hormones on plant fungal defenses. The modifications of several pathways relative to metabolism, biotic stress, and plant hormone signal pathways suggest the possible roles of JA/SA on the regulation of growth and defense responses. Co-expression modules (CMs) were also constructed using the poplar expression data on JA, SA, M. larici-populina, Septoria musiva, and Marssonina brunnea treatment or infection. A total of 23 CMs were constructed, and different CMs clearly exhibited distinct biological functions, which conformably regulated the concerted processes in response to fungal defense. Furthermore, the GO term analysis of different CMs confirmed the roles of JA and SA in regulating growth and defense responses, and their expression profiles suggested that the growth ability was reduced when poplar deployed defense responses. Several transcription factors (TFs) among the CRG in the co-expression network were proposed as hub genes in regulating these processes. According to this study, our data finely uncovered the possible roles of JA/SA in regulating the balance between growth and defense responses by integrating multiple hormone signaling pathways. We were also able to provide more knowledge on how the plant hormones JA/SA are involved in the regulation of the balance between growth and plant defense.

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Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of a wax deficient citrus mutant exhibiting jasmonic acid-mediated defense against fungal pathogens.

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