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Neck Circumference Positively Relates to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in College Students.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between neck circumference (NC) and other anthropometric measures and examine cut-off points for males and females according to existing waist circumference cut-off levels in this age group. Across 8 universities, 1562 students underwent a physical assessment. Spearman rho correlations (?) were calculated to determine associations between NC and other continuous variables of health. Receiving operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess the optimal cut-off levels of NC of males and females with central obesity. Participants were predominantly Caucasian (67%), female (70%), and outside of Appalachia (82%). Forty-one percent of males and 34% of females had a BMI ? 25 kg/m². In both sexes, significant positive correlations were seen between NC and body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and systolic blood pressure (all p-values < 0.0001). NC ? 38 cm for males and ?33.5 cm for females were the optimal cut-off values to determine subjects with central obesity. NC has been identified to closely correlate with other anthropometric measurements related to disease and could be used as a convenient, low-cost, and noninvasive measurement in large-scale studies.

SUBMITTER: Famodu OA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6068828 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Neck Circumference Positively Relates to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in College Students.

Famodu Oluremi A OA Barr Makenzie L ML Colby Sarah E SE Zhou Wenjun W Holásková Ida I Leary Miriam P MP Byrd-Bredbenner Carol C Mathews Anne E AE Olfert Melissa D MD

International journal of environmental research and public health 20180713 7

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between neck circumference (NC) and other anthropometric measures and examine cut-off points for males and females according to existing waist circumference cut-off levels in this age group. Across 8 universities, 1562 students underwent a physical assessment. Spearman rho correlations (ρ) were calculated to determine associations between NC and other continuous variables of health. Receiving operating characteristic curves were const ...[more]

PMID: 30011785

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Project description:ObjectiveEarly detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals' health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain.Participants2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1-4 and 7-10.MeasuresPubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated.ResultsNC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, P<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, P<0.001 for girls) and adiponectin (R2=0.049, P<0.001 for boys; R2=0.036, P<0.001 for girls); and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2 from 0.035 to 0.353, P<0.01 for boys; R2 from 0.024 to 0.215, P<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein and LDL-c only in boys (R2 from 0.013 to 0.055, P<0.05).ConclusionNC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided.

Project description:BackgroundRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases affecting an approximate 25% of the world's population. Some common etiological factors are genetics, nutritional deficiencies, stress and immune dysfunction. There is currently no specific medication to treat the condition but RAS tends to heal by itself within a week or two. We aimed to explore about the prevalence and related risk factors of recurrent aphthous ulcers among college students aged 18-30 years who had been affected within the preceding six months prior to the study duration.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among 681 students from four colleges in Mangalore, Karnataka, India after obtaining the approval for the same from the respective colleges. Consenting participants returned a survey containing various questions. The collected data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee.ResultsOf the 681 participants, 322 (47.2%) were affected with RAS in the past six months which included 131 (40.6%) males and 191 (59.3%) females. Single mouth ulcers were the most common presentation seen among the study participants (74.2%). Factors showing statistically significant association were: family history of RAS (P < 0.001), known diabetics (P < 0.001), history of smoking (P < 0.001), oral trauma (P < 0.001), history of wearing braces/dentures (P < 0.001) as well as those using toothpastes containing sodium lauryl sulphate (P < 0.001), stress and lack of sleep (P < 0.001). The most common form of medication used were topical agents (43.1%) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere was a statistically significant association between the occurrence of RAS and family history of RAS, diabetes, smoking, history of braces/dentures, oral trauma, sodium lauryl sulphate toothpastes, lack of sleep, stress, menstruation, consumption of particular foods and beverages. Further research is needed in this field to truly understand the prevalence and risk factors of RAS and to help in discovering a treatment modality for this condition.

Project description:Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is highly prevalent in college students. In Argentina, there is a notable lack of longitudinal studies examining drinking trajectories. The present study identified HED trajectories in Argentinean college students during the first 3 years of college (seven waves) and examined the association between risk factors for alcohol use and HED trajectories. The sample was composed of 1,240 college students [63.1% women, aged 18-25 years (M = 19.1 ± 1.7)] who completed at least three waves (the first data collection and ?2 follow-ups). For 3 years, participants completed seven surveys that measured HED frequency, age of drinking onset, drunkenness occurrence, trait impulsivity, family history of alcohol abuse, stressful life events, and perceived peer's drinking. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) were used to identify the pattern and number of HED trajectories and to explore which risk factors better distinguished between the trajectories, respectively. Six HED trajectories were identified: Heavy Stable Frequency, Moderate Stable Frequency, Moderate Decreasing Frequency, Stable Infrequent, Decreasing Infrequent, and No-HED. Younger age of drinking onset, alcohol intoxication, greater perception of peer drinking frequency and higher levels of impulsivity (i.e., sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and positive urgency) increased the probability of belonging to the trajectories with more frequent HED. These trajectories partially coincide with those identified in studies from other cultures. Unlike previous studies, we did not find a trajectory with increasing/ascending HED frequency. This may be related to contextual/cultural variables unique to Argentina, like differences in the age when the peak in alcohol consumption is reached or the legal minimum age to buy alcoholic beverages in this country, and the idiosyncratic elements that characterize college life in Argentina. This work represents a step forward in the identification of risk factors differentiating between different HED trajectories, and help understand changes in alcohol use during college, in an understudied population.

Dataset Information

Neck Circumference Positively Relates to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in College Students.

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Neck Circumference Positively Relates to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in College Students.

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