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Geographic differences in the prevalence of hypertension in Uganda: Results of a national epidemiological study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Hypertension accounts for more than 212 million global disability-adjusted life-years, and more than 15 million in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying factors underlying the escalating burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa may inform delivery of targeted public health interventions. METHODS:As part of the cross-sectional nationally representative Uganda National Asthma Survey conducted in 2016, we measured blood pressure (BP) in the general population across five regions of Uganda. We defined hypertension as systolic BP ?140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ?90 mmHg, or on-going use of medications for the purpose of lowering BP among adults (?18 years of age); pre-hypertension as systolic BP between 120 and 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP bteween 80 and 90 mmHg among adolescents and adults (?12 years of age). FINDINGS:Of 3416 participants who met inclusion criteria, 38.9% were male, and mean age ± SD was 33.8 ± 16.9 years. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 31.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.2 to 32.8). The adjusted prevalence of hypertension was highest in the Central Region (34.3%; 95% CI 32.6 to 36.0), and it was comparable to that in the West and East Regions. However, compared with the Central Region, hypertension was significantly less prevalent in the North (22.0%; 95 CI 19.4 to 24.6) and West Nile Regions (24.1%; 95% CI 22.0 to 26.3). Adjustment for demographic characteristics (occupation, monthly income, and educational attainment) of participants did not account for the significantly lower prevalence of hypertension in the North and West Nile Regions. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 38.8% (95% CI 37.7 to 39.8), and it was highly prevalent among young adults (21-40 years of age: 42.8%; 95% CI 41.2-44.5%) in all regions. CONCLUSIONS:Hypertension is starkly prevalent in Uganda, and numerous more people, including young adults are at increased risk. The burden of hypertension is highest in the Central, Western, and Eastern regions of the country; demographic characteristics did not fully account for the disparate regional burden of hypertension. Future studies should explore the potential additional impact of epidemiological shifts, including diet and lifestyle changes, on the development of hypertension.

SUBMITTER: Lunyera J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6070243 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Geographic differences in the prevalence of hypertension in Uganda: Results of a national epidemiological study.

Lunyera Joseph J Kirenga Bruce B Stanifer John W JW Kasozi Samuel S van der Molen Thys T Katagira Wenceslaus W Kamya Moses R MR Kalyesubula Robert R

PloS one 20180801 8

<h4>Background</h4>Hypertension accounts for more than 212 million global disability-adjusted life-years, and more than 15 million in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying factors underlying the escalating burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa may inform delivery of targeted public health interventions.<h4>Methods</h4>As part of the cross-sectional nationally representative Uganda National Asthma Survey conducted in 2016, we measured blood pressure (BP) in the general population across five reg ...[more]

PMID: 30067823

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Project description:BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common persistent cardiac arrhythmia. This study aimed to estimate its prevalence and explore associated factors in adults aged 18 years or older in China.MethodsStudy data were derived from a national sample from July 2020 to September 2021. Participants were recruited using a multistage stratified sampling method from twenty-two provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. AF was determined based on a history of diagnosed AF or electrocardiogram results.FindingsA total of 114,039 respondents were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 55 years (standard deviation 17), 52·1% of whom were women. The crude prevalence of AF was 2·3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1·7-2·8) and increased with age. The age-standardized AF prevalence was 1·6% (95% CI 1·6-1·7%) overall, and 1·7% (1·6-1·8%), 1·4% (1·3-1·5%), 1·6% (95% CI 1·5-1·7%), and 1·7% (1·6-1·9%) in men, women, urban areas, and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence was higher in the central regions (2·5%, 2·3-2·7%) than in the western regions (1·5%, 1·0-2·0%) and eastern regions (1·1%, 1·0-1·2%) in the overall population, either in the gender or residency subgroups. The associated factors for AF included age (per 10 years; odds ratio 1·41 [95% CI 1·38-1·46]; p < 0·001), men (1·34 [1·24-1·45]; p < 0·001), hypertension (1·22 [1·12-1·33]; p < 0·001), coronary heart disease (1·44 [1·28-1·62]; p < 0·001), chronic heart failure (3·70 [3·22-4·26]; p < 0·001), valvular heart disease (2·13 [1·72-2·63]; p < 0·001), and transient ischaemic attack/stroke (1·22 [1·04-1·43]; p = 0·013).InterpretationThe prevalence of AF was 1.6% in the Chinese adult population and increased with age, with significant geographic variation. Older age, male sex, and cardiovascular disease were potent factors associated with AF. It is crucial to increase the awareness of AF and disseminate standardized treatment in clinical settings to reduce the disease burden.FundingThis research was supported the Nature Science Foundation of Hubei province (No: 2017CFB204).

Dataset Information

Geographic differences in the prevalence of hypertension in Uganda: Results of a national epidemiological study.

Publications

Geographic differences in the prevalence of hypertension in Uganda: Results of a national epidemiological study.

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