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Thoroughbred mare's milk exhibits a unique and diverse free oligosaccharide profile.

ABSTRACT: The Thoroughbred is among the most valuable horse breeds, and its husbandry is a major industry. Mare's milk plays a major role in the health of neonatal foals. Although the main components of mare's milk are broadly characterized, free oligosaccharides (OS), which possess various bioactivities in many mammalian milks, have not been fully profiled in Thoroughbreds. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify OS in Thoroughbred mare's milk during the first week of lactation, when foals typically consume mare's milk exclusively. A total of 48 OS structures (including isomers and anomers), corresponding to 20 unique compositions, were identified by nano LC-Chip QToF-MS and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Neutral OS were the most abundant glycans (58.3%), followed by acidic OS containing Neu5Ac (33.3%), a minor presence of fucosylated OS structures (6.25%) and one structure containing NeuGc (2.1%). Comparison with other well-characterized mammalian milks revealed that mare's milk shared 8 OS structures with human, bovine, pig and goat milk (i.e., 2 sialyllactose isomers, 3 hexose, LNH, LNT, and OS with the composition 3 Hex-1 Neu5Ac). Additionally, there were seven unique OS not previously found in other mammal milks. During the first 7 days of lactation, the percentage of neutral and fucosylated OS increased, whereas acidic OS decreased and the total OS concentration ranged from 217.8 mg·L-1 to 79.8 mg·L-1.

SUBMITTER: Karav S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6070652 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thoroughbred mare's milk exhibits a unique and diverse free oligosaccharide profile.

Karav Sercan S Salcedo Jaime J Frese Steven A SA Barile Daniela D

FEBS open bio 20180716 8

The Thoroughbred is among the most valuable horse breeds, and its husbandry is a major industry. Mare's milk plays a major role in the health of neonatal foals. Although the main components of mare's milk are broadly characterized, free oligosaccharides (OS), which possess various bioactivities in many mammalian milks, have not been fully profiled in Thoroughbreds. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify OS in Thoroughbred mare's milk during the first week of lactation, when foals typ ...[more]

PMID: 30087828

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Project description:Breast milk delivers nutrition and protection to the developing infant. There has been considerable research on the high-molecular-weight milk components; however, low-molecular-weight metabolites have received less attention. To determine the effect of maternal phenotype and diet on the human milk metabolome, milk collected at day 90 postpartum from 52 healthy women was analyzed by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sixty-five milk metabolites were quantified (mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides; amino acids and derivatives; energy metabolites; fatty acids and associated metabolites; vitamins, nucleotides, and derivatives; and others). The biological variation, represented as the percentage CV of each metabolite, varied widely (4-120%), with several metabolites having low variation (<20%), including lactose, urea, glutamate, myo-inositol, and creatinine. Principal components analysis identified 2 clear groups of participants who were differentiable on the basis of milk oligosaccharide concentration and who were classified as secretors or nonsecretors of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) gene products according to the concentration of 2'-fucosyllactose, lactodifucotetraose, and lacto-N-fucopentaose I. Exploration of the interrelations between the milk sugars by using Spearman rank correlations revealed significant positive and negative associations, including positive correlations between fucose and products of the FUT2 gene and negative correlations between fucose and products of the fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) gene. The total concentration of milk oligosaccharides was conserved among participants (%CV = 18%), suggesting tight regulation of total oligosaccharide production; however, concentrations of specific oligosaccharides varied widely between participants (%CV = 30.4-84.3%). The variability in certain milk metabolites suggests possible roles in infant or infant gut microbial development. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817127.

Project description:BackgroundHuman-milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are an abundant component of human milk that have health-related effects on breastfeeding infants. Since variation in HMO composition can be explained by maternal and environmental factors, understanding the diversity in HMOs across settings and identifying context-specific factors associated with HMO abundances is important.ObjectivesThe aim was to describe the HMO profile of Bangladeshi women and to estimate the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on HMO composition.MethodsIn a cross-sectional analysis of data and samples from the Maternal Vitamin D for Infant Growth trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01924013), 192 participants were randomly selected including 96 from each of the placebo and highest-dose vitamin D supplementation groups. In mid-feed breast milk samples collected at a mean (±SD) postpartum age of 93 ± 7 d, absolute and relative abundances of 19 HMOs were analyzed by HPLC. "Secretors" were defined as participants with 2'fucosyllactose concentrations >350 nmol/mL. Associations between HMO concentrations and selected maternal or environmental factors were estimated by multivariable linear regression, adjusting for vitamin D group allocation and secretor status. HMO profiles of Bangladeshi women were compared with data from other international cohorts.ResultsOverall, 34% (65/192) of participants were nonsecretors. Secretor status was associated with the concentrations of total HMOs and 79% (15/19) of individual HMOs. Vitamin D supplementation did not affect the total or individual concentration of any measured HMO. 3-Fucosyllactose concentration was significantly higher in breast milk samples collected in December to February compared with samples collected in March to May. HMO composition was similar to other previously reported cohorts.ConclusionsThe HMO profile of Bangladeshi women is predominantly determined by secretor status. Context-specific HMO data may improve understanding of the effects of HMOs on the infant microbiome and health and guide the development of HMO-containing interventions.

Project description:There is little data on human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Iron fortificants adversely affect the infant gut microbiota, while co-provision of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) mitigates most of the adverse effects. Whether variations in maternal HMO profile can influence the infant response to iron and/or GOS fortificants is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine HMO profiles and the secretor/non-secretor phenotype of lactating Kenyan mothers and investigate their effects on the maternal and infant gut microbiota, and on the infant response to a fortification intervention with 5 mg iron (2.5 mg as sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 2.5 mg as ferrous fumarate) and 7.5 g GOS. We studied mother-infant pairs (n = 80) participating in a 4-month intervention trial in which the infants (aged 6.5-9.5 months) received daily a micronutrient powder without iron, with iron or with iron and GOS. We assessed: (1) maternal secretor status and HMO composition; (2) effects of secretor status on the maternal and infant gut microbiota in a cross-sectional analysis at baseline of the intervention trial; and (3) interactions between secretor status and intervention groups during the intervention trial on the infant gut microbiota, gut inflammation, iron status, growth and infectious morbidity. Secretor prevalence was 72% and HMOs differed between secretors and non-secretors and over time of lactation. Secretor status did not predict the baseline composition of the maternal and infant gut microbiota. There was a secretor-status-by-intervention-group interaction on Bifidobacterium (p = 0.021), Z-scores for length-for-age (p = 0.022) and weight-for-age (p = 0.018), and soluble transferrin receptor (p = 0.041). In the no iron group, longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea was higher among infants of non-secretors (23.8%) than of secretors (10.4%) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, HMO profile may modulate the infant gut microbiota response to fortificant iron; compared to infants of secretor mothers, infants of non-secretor mothers may be more vulnerable to the adverse effect of iron but also benefit more from the co-provision of GOS.

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Thoroughbred mare's milk exhibits a unique and diverse free oligosaccharide profile.

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Thoroughbred mare's milk exhibits a unique and diverse free oligosaccharide profile.

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