Nitric Oxide Is Required for Melatonin-Enhanced Tolerance against Salinity Stress in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhao G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6073977 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Heterosis is most frequently manifested as the superior performance of a hybrid than either parent, especially under stress conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known gaseous signaling molecule that acts as a functional component during plant growth, development, and defense responses. In this study, the Brassica napus L. hybrid (F1, NJ4375 × MB1942) showed significant heterosis under salt stress, during both the germination and post-germination periods. These were in parallel with the changes in redox and ion homeostasis. The stimulation of endogenous NO was more pronounced in hybrid plants, compared to parental lines, which might be mediated by nitrate reductase. Proteomic and biochemical analysis further revealed that protein abundance related to several metabolic processes, including the chlorophyll biosynthesis, the proline metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism pathway, were greatly suppressed by salt stress in the two parental lines, respect to those in hybrid. Above responses in hybrid plants were intensified by a NO-releasing compound, but abolished by a NO scavenger, both of which were matched with the changes in chlorophyll and proline contents. Taken together, we proposed that heterosis derived from F1 hybridization in salt stress tolerance might be mediated by NO-dependent activation of defense responses and metabolic processes.
2021-03-30 | PXD023601 | Pride
Project description:Heterosis is most frequently manifested as the superior performance of a hybrid than either of the parents, especially under stress conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known gaseous signaling molecule that acts as a functional component during plant growth, development, and defense responses. In this study, the Brassica napus L. hybrid (F1, NJ4375 × MB1942) showed significant heterosis under salt stress, during both germination and post-germination periods. These phenotypes in the hybrid were in parallel with the better performance in redox homeostasis, including alleviation of reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and ion homeostasis, evaluated as a lower Na/K ratio in the leaves than parental lines. Meanwhile, stimulation of endogenous NO was more pronounced in hybrid plants, compared with parental lines, which might be mediated by nitrate reductase. Proteomic and biochemical analyses further revealed that protein abundance related to several metabolic processes, including chlorophyll biosynthesis, proline metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism pathway, was greatly suppressed by salt stress in the two parental lines than in the hybrid. The above responses in hybrid plants were intensified by a NO-releasing compound, but abolished by a NO scavenger, both of which were matched with the changes in chlorophyll and proline contents. It was deduced that the above metabolic processes might play important roles in heterosis upon salt stress. Taken together, we proposed that heterosis derived from F1 hybridization in salt stress tolerance might be mediated by NO-dependent activation of defense responses and metabolic processes.
| S-EPMC8194068 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abiotic stress greatly inhibits crop growth and reduces yields. However, little is known about the transcriptomic changes that occur in the industrial oilseed crop, rapeseed (Brassica napus), in response to abiotic stress. In this study, we examined the physiological and transcriptional responses of rapeseed to drought (simulated by treatment with 15% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000) and salinity (150 mM NaCl) stress. Proline contents in young seedlings greatly increased under both conditions after 3 h of treatment, whereas the levels of antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged. We assembled transcripts from the leaves and roots of rapeseed and performed BLASTN searches against the rapeseed genome database for the first time. Gene ontology analysis indicated that DEGs involved in catalytic activity, metabolic process, and response to stimulus were highly enriched. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the categories metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were highly enriched. We determined that myeloblastosis (MYB), NAM/ATAF1-2/CUC2 (NAC), and APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (AP2-EREBP) transcription factors function as major switches that control downstream gene expression and that proline plays a role under short-term abiotic stress treatment due to increased expression of synthesis and decreased expression of degradation. Furthermore, many common genes function in the response to both types of stress in this rapeseed.
| S-EPMC6888191 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cold stress (CS) severely affects several physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms and limits the growth and production of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Trehalose (Tre) acts as a growth modulator, which is extensively used to improve the tolerance to multiple plant stresses. Further, Tre also serves as an external force in inducing plant signaling molecules, regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes, and enhancing the CS tolerance in plants. Nevertheless, the importance of exogenous Tre in improving the CS tolerance in rapeseed is still unclear. Therefore, the current study was designed to get mechanistic insights into Tre-mediated CS tolerance in rapeseed seedlings. To explore the Tre role, we designed four treatments [control (CK), CK + 20 mM L-1 Tre, Cold, and Cold + 20 mM L-1 Tre] and three CS conditions (4, 0, and -4°C). The results showed that Tre treatments significantly mitigated the adverse effects of CS on the seedlings and increased the survival rate of Tre-treated seedlings under CS conditions. The exogenous Tre dramatically increased the contents of osmoprotectants, including the soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also increased under CS conditions. Additionally, Tre decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents to protect the rapeseed seedlings. Moreover, Tre also remarkably augmented the expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT12, POD34, and FSD7), CS-responsive marker genes (CBF1, CBF2, CBF4, COR6.6, COR15, COR25, COL1, and KIN1), and Tre-biosynthesis genes (TPS4, TPS8, and TPS9). Briefly, exogenous Tre not only regulates the antioxidant and osmotic balance, but it also significantly participates in Tre metabolism and signaling network to improve the CS tolerance in rapeseed. Thus, Tre-induced supervisory connections between physiological or/and biochemical attributes provide information to dissect the mechanisms of Tre-mediated CS tolerance.
| S-EPMC8961026 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) in plants can function cooperatively to alleviate salt stress, sodic alkaline stress and immune response, as well as adventitious root formation. The interaction of MT and NO on the nitrate stress tolerance of cucumber seedlings are not well understood. We investigated the effects of exogenous MT, NO donor (SNP) and NO scavenger (cPTIO) on the growth; photosynthesis; characteristics of root morphological; accumulation of mineral elements, endogenous NO, MT, IAA and ABA; and related genes expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. "Jin You No. 1") seedlings grown under high nitrate condition (HN). The results showed that MT and NO independently alleviated the inhibition of growth and photosynthesis capacity of cucumber seedlings under nitrate stress. NO was required for MT to enhance the root activity, root length, lateral root number and the accumulation of calcium, magnesium and iron in the roots of cucumber seedlings grown under nitrate stress. Consistently, the expression of adventitious rootless 1 gene (CsARL1) was modulated. Furthermore, exogenous MT induced accumulation of endogenous MT, NO, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), mainly within 24 h after treatment, in which MT and NO were further increased at 48 h and 96 h, IAA and ABA were further increased at 16 h in the presence of SNP. In contrast, the accumulation of endogenous IAA, MT and ABA slightly decreased within 24 h, NO significantly decreased at 192 h in the presence of cPTIO. Correspondingly, the expression levels of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism (CsNR1 and CsNR2), MT metabolism (CsT5H, CsSNAT2 and Cs2-ODD33), auxin carriers and response factors (CsAUX1, CsGH3.5, CsARF17), ABA synthesis and catabolism (CsNCED1, CsNCED3 and CsCYP707A1) were upregulated by MT, in which CsNR1, CsNR2, CsAUX1, CsNCED3 and CsT5H were further induced in the presence of SNP in roots of cucumber seedlings. These observations indicated that NO act as a crucial factor in MT, alleviating nitrate stress through regulating the mechanism of root growth in cucumber seedlings.
| S-EPMC9506230 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) are two multifunctional signaling molecules that are involved in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. However, how MT and NO synergize in response to cold stress affecting plants is still not clear. In this study, we found that endogenous MT accumulation under cold stress was positively correlated with cold tolerance in different varieties of cucumber seedlings. The data presented here also provide evidence that endogenous NO is involved in the response to cold stress. About 100 μM MT significantly increased the nitrate reductase (NR) activity, NR-relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and endogenous NO accumulation in cucumber seedlings. However, 75 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) showed no significant effect on the relative mRNA expression of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine-5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), or acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the key genes for MT synthesis and endogenous MT levels. Compared with H2O treatment, both MT and SNP decreased electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by activating the antioxidant system and consequently mitigated cold damage in cucumber seedlings. MT and SNP also enhanced photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which was mainly attributed to an increase in the activity and mRNA expression of the key enzymes in the Calvin-Benson cycle. Simultaneously, MT- and SNP-induced photoprotection for both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) in cucumber seedlings, by stimulating the PsbA (D1) protein repair pathway and ferredoxin-mediated NADP+ photoreduction, respectively. Moreover, exogenous MT and SNP markedly upregulated the expression of chilling response genes, such as inducer of CBF expression (ICE1), C-repeat-binding factor (CBF1), and cold-responsive (COR47). MT-induced cold tolerance was suppressed by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, a specific scavenger of NO). However, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA, a MT synthesis inhibitor) did not affect NO-induced cold tolerance. Thus, novel results suggest that NO acts as a downstream signal in the MT-induced plant tolerance to cold stress.
| S-EPMC8343141 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for seed plants. Information on B-efficiency mechanisms and B-efficient crop and model plant genotypes is very scarce. Studies evaluating the basis and consequences of B-deficiency and B-efficiency are limited by the facts that B occurs as a trace contaminant essentially everywhere, its bioavailability is difficult to control and soil-based B-deficiency growth systems allowing a high-throughput screening of plant populations have hitherto been lacking. The crop plant Brassica napus shows a very high sensitivity toward B-deficient conditions. To reduce B-deficiency-caused yield losses in a sustainable manner, the identification of B-efficient B. napus genotypes is indispensable. We developed a soil substrate-based cultivation system which is suitable to study plant growth in automated high-throughput phenotyping facilities under defined and repeatable soil B conditions. In a comprehensive screening, using this system with soil B concentrations below 0.1 mg B (kg soil)-1, we identified three highly B-deficiency tolerant B. napus cultivars (CR2267, CR2280, and CR2285) among a genetically diverse collection comprising 590 accessions from all over the world. The B-efficiency classification of cultivars was based on a detailed assessment of various physical and high-throughput imaging-based shoot and root growth parameters in soil substrate or in in vitro conditions, respectively. We identified cultivar-specific patterns of B-deficiency-responsive growth dynamics. Elemental analysis revealed striking differences only in B contents between contrasting genotypes when grown under B-deficient but not under standard conditions. Results indicate that B-deficiency tolerant cultivars can grow with a very limited amount of B which is clearly below previously described critical B-tissue concentration values. These results suggest a higher B utilization efficiency of CR2267, CR2280, and CR2285 which would represent a unique trait among so far identified B-efficient B. napus cultivars which are characterized by a higher B-uptake capacity. Testing various other nutrient deficiency treatments, we demonstrated that the tolerance is specific for B-deficient conditions and is not conferred by a general growth vigor at the seedling stage. The identified B-deficiency tolerant cultivars will serve as genetic and physiological "tools" to further understand the mechanisms regulating the B nutritional status in rapeseed and to develop B-efficient elite genotypes.
| S-EPMC6091279 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abiotic stresses such as drought and salt stresses have a negative effect on the growth and productivity of plants. Improvement of stress tolerance through genetic engineering in plants has been reported in intense studies. Transcription factors play vital roles in plant adaptation to stresses by regulating expression of a great deal of target genes. A family of Arabidopsis basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors that can recognize and bind to the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements (ABREs) in promoter is named as ABRE binding factors (ABFs)/ABRE binding proteins (AREBs). They play a key role in the regulation of expression of downstream stress-responsive genes in ABA signalling. Genetic transformation of ABF/ABRE transcription factors has been suggested to be an effective approach for engineering stress-tolerant plants. However, whether the ABF/ABRE transcription factors are able to be used for generating stress-tolerant rapeseed plants has not yet been studied.BnaABF2, encoding a bZIP transcription factor, was cloned from rapeseed in this study. Subcellular localization and transactivation analyses showed that BnaABF2 was localized to the nucleus with transactivation activity in plant cells. BnaABF2 gene expression was induced by drought and salt stresses and BnaABF2 positively functions in ABA signalling during the vegetative stage. Overexpression of BnaABF2 was found to render drought and salt tolerance to Arabidopsis plants. The resistance of the BnaABF2-expressing transgenic plants to drought and salt stresses is due to reduced water-loss rate and expression of stress-responsive genes such as RD29B, RAB18 and KIN2. The expression of RD29B, RAB18 and KIN2 regulated by BnaABF2 is involved in an ABA-dependent stress signalling.Identification of the positive role of rapeseed BnaABF2 in plant tolerance to drought and salt provides evidence for ability of engineering stress-tolerant rapeseed plants by genetic transformation of BnaABF2.
| S-EPMC5432893 | biostudies-other
Project description:Research on the environmental risks of gene flow from genetically modified (GM) crops to wild relatives has traditionally emphasized recipients yielding most hybrids. For GM rapeseed (Brassica napus), interest has centred on the 'frequently hybridizing' Brassica rapa over relatives such as Brassica oleracea, where spontaneous hybrids are unreported in the wild. In two sites, where rapeseed and wild B. oleracea grow together, we used flow cytometry and crop-specific microsatellite markers to identify one triploid F1 hybrid, together with nine diploid and two near triploid introgressants. Given the newly discovered capacity for spontaneous introgression into B. oleracea, we then surveyed associated flora and fauna to evaluate the capacity of both recipients to harm cohabitant species with acknowledged conservational importance. Only B. oleracea occupies rich communities containing species afforded legislative protection; these include one rare micromoth species that feeds on B. oleracea and warrants further assessment. We conclude that increased attention should now focus on B. oleracea and similar species that yield few crop-hybrids, but possess scope to affect rare or endangered associates.
| S-EPMC1804201 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCytosine methylation, the main type of DNA methylation, regulates gene expression in plant response to environmental stress. The winter rapeseed has high economic and ecological value in China's Northwest, but the DNA methylation pattern of winter rapeseed during freezing stress remains unclear.ResultThis study integrated the methylome and transcriptome to explore the genome-scale DNA methylation pattern and its regulated pathway of winter rapeseed, using freezing-sensitive (NF) and freezing-resistant (NS) cultivars.The average methylation level decreased under freezing stress, and the decline in NF was stronger than NS after freezing stress. The CG methylation level was the highest among the three contexts of CG, CHG, and CHH. At the same time, the CHH proportion was high, and the methylation levels were highest 2 kb up/downstream, followed by the intron region. The C sub-genomes methylation level was higher than the A sub-genomes. The methylation levels of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA were much lower than the B. napus nuclear DNA, the SINE methylation level was highest among four types of transposable elements (TEs), and the preferred sequence of DNA methylation did not change after freezing stress. A total of 1732 differentially expressed genes associated with differentially methylated genes (DMEGs) were identified in two cultivars under 12 h and 24 h in three contexts by combining whole-genome bisulfite sequencing( and RNA-Seq data. Function enrichment analysis showed that most DMEGs participated in linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Meanwhile, some DMEGs encode core transcription factors in plant response to stress.ConclusionBased on the findings of DNA methylation, the freezing tolerance of winter rapeseed is achieved by enhanced signal transduction, lower lipid peroxidation, stronger cell stability, increased osmolytes, and greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. These results provide novel insights into better knowledge of the methylation regulation of tolerance mechanism in winter rapeseed under freezing stress.
| S-EPMC9414130 | biostudies-literature