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Shear Deformation Dissipates Energy in Biofilaments.

ABSTRACT: Thermally fluctuating biofilaments possessing porous structures or viscoelastic properties exhibit energy losses from internal friction as well as external friction from drag. Prior models for internal friction account for energy dissipation solely from the dynamic bending of filaments. In this paper, we present a new energy dissipation model that captures the important effects of dynamic shear in addition to bending. Importantly, we highlight that shear-induced friction plays a major role in energy dissipation for shorter filaments and for shorter wavelengths (larger wavenumbers). The new model exhibits coupled shear-bending energy relaxation on two distinct time scales in lieu of a single time scale predicted by bending alone. We employ this model to interpret results from prior experiments on the internal friction of thermally fluctuating chromosomes and the drag-induced friction of thermally fluctuating microtubules. The examples confirm the energy relaxation on two time scales associated with internal friction and on two length scales associated with external friction. Overall, this new model that accounts for shear deformation yields superior estimates of energy dissipation for fluctuating biofilaments.

SUBMITTER: Maghsoodi A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6076251 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Shear Deformation Dissipates Energy in Biofilaments.

Maghsoodi Ameneh A Perkins Noel N

Scientific reports 20180803 1

Thermally fluctuating biofilaments possessing porous structures or viscoelastic properties exhibit energy losses from internal friction as well as external friction from drag. Prior models for internal friction account for energy dissipation solely from the dynamic bending of filaments. In this paper, we present a new energy dissipation model that captures the important effects of dynamic shear in addition to bending. Importantly, we highlight that shear-induced friction plays a major role in en ...[more]

PMID: 30076344

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Project description:Vaso-occlusive crisis, a common painful complication of sickle cell disease, is a complex process triggered by intercellular adhesive interactions among blood cells and the endothelium in all human organs (e.g., the oxygen-rich lung as well as hypoxic systems such as liver and kidneys). We present a combined experimental-computational study to quantify the adhesive characteristics of sickle mature erythrocytes (SMEs) and irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs) under flow conditions mimicking those in postcapillary venules. We employed an in vitro microfluidic cell adherence assay, which is coated uniformly with fibronectin. We investigated the adhesion dynamics of SMEs and ISCs in pulsatile flow under well-controlled hypoxic conditions, inferring the cell adhesion strength by increasing the flow rate (or wall shear stress (WSS)) until the onset of cell detachment. In parallel, we performed simulations of individual SMEs and ISCs under shear. We introduced two metrics to quantify the adhesion process, the cell aspect ratio (AR) as a function of WSS and its rate of change (the dynamic deformability index). We found that the AR of SMEs decreases significantly with the increase of WSS, consistent between the experiments and simulations. In contrast, the AR of ISCs remains constant in time and independent of the flow rate. The critical WSS value for detaching a single SME in oxygenated state is in the range of 3.9-5.5 Pa depending on the number of adhesion sites; the critical WSS value for ISCs is lower than that of SMEs. Our simulations show that the critical WSS value for SMEs in deoxygenated state is above 6.2 Pa (multiple adhesion sites), which is greater than their oxygenated counterparts. We investigated the effect of cell shear modulus on the detachment process; we found that for the same cell adhesion spring constant, the higher shear modulus leads to an earlier cell detachment from the functionalized surface. These findings may aid in the understanding of individual roles of sickle cell types in sickle cell disease vaso-occlusion.

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Shear Deformation Dissipates Energy in Biofilaments.

Publications

Shear Deformation Dissipates Energy in Biofilaments.

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