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Dietary vitamin D3 supplementation protects laying hens against lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress.

ABSTRACT: Background:The effects of vitamin D on the immune function of laying hens are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) on laying performance and immunological functions in laying hens under Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Methods:In experiment one, 360 Jinghong-1 strain layers (32 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Hens were fed a basal diet supplemented with different levels of VD3 (0; 500; 1500; or 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet) for 10 weeks to determine laying performance, egg quality, and other parameters. In experiment two, 24 Jinghong laying hens (32 weeks) were fed basal diets with either 0 or 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet. After 10 weeks of feeding, six hens from each treatment were injected intravenously with 8 mg/kg of body weight of either LPS or saline. Blood and spleen samples were obtained for immune parameter analysis 4 h after injection. Results:VD3 deficiency reduced egg production and egg quality; in addition, feed intake and feed-to-egg ratio increased. No significant differences were observed in these parameters except eggshell strength between dietary VD3 supplemental levels at 500; 1500; and 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet. VD3 deficiency increased serum hormone (calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, estradiol, and progesterone) and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10) levels, the ratio of IFN-? to IL-4, myeloperoxidase activity and total IgG content in the serum, and upregulated the blood CD3+ T cell population. Splenic retinoid X receptor (RXR), nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) gene mRNA levels were upregulated in VD3-deficienct hens. VD3 deficiency significantly reduced serum Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations and the number of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the blood. These changes were completely normalized by VD3 sufficiency. LPS reduced serum LH concentration, splenic lysozyme, and pIgR gene mRNA levels. LPS induced an increase in total serum IgM levels and the percentage of CD8+ T cells in the blood. The changes were completely reversed by VD3 addition. Conclusion:VD3 supplementation could protect laying hens not only from VD3 deficiency but also from immunological stress.

SUBMITTER: Geng Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6086064 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation protects laying hens against lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress.

Geng Yanqiang Y Ma Qiugang Q Wang Zhong Z Guo Yuming Y

Nutrition & metabolism 20180810

<h4>Background</h4>The effects of vitamin D on the immune function of laying hens are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (VD<sub>3</sub>) on laying performance and immunological functions in laying hens under <i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.<h4>Methods</h4>In experiment one, 360 Jinghong-1 strain layers (32 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Hens were fed ...[more]

PMID: 30116287

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Project description:This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitooligosaccharide (COS) on intestinal barrier, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged laying hens. A total of 360 Hy-line Brown laying hens (80-wk-old) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 12 birds. Hens were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with different COS levels (0; 5; 10; 15; 20 mg/kg) for 8 wk. The results showed that 15 mg/kg COS administration elevated albumen height and Haugh unit (P < 0.05), and numerically optimized productive performance (P > 0.05), therefore, the dosage of 15 mg/kg was chosen for the subsequent experiment. Thereafter, 12 birds from non-supplemented group were randomly selected and assigned into 2 groups, and birds in each group were administered (1.5 mg/kg BW, i.p.) with saline (control group) or LPS (challenge group). Another 6 hens from 15 mg/kg COS-supplemented group were selected and injected with LPS in the same way. Compared with the control group, LPS-challenged birds exhibited elevated circulating diamine oxidase activity, and reduced jejunal villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and these indices were reversed to control levels by COS (P < 0.05). Also, LPS increased malondialdehyde accumulation and reduced several antioxidant enzyme activities in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). Additionally, LPS increased jejunal secretory IgA and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and ileal secretory IgA, IgM, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations, whereas COS reduced jejunal IFN-γ and IL-1β, and ileal IgM levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, LPS down-regulated mRNA abundance of jejunal occludin and claudin 2, and upregulated expression of jejunal nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, superoxide dismutase 1, and IFN-γ as well as ileal IL-1β (P < 0.05). Besides, COS increased jejunal occludin and ileal claudin 2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 expression, and decreased jejunal IFN-γ and IL-1β abundance (P < 0.05). These results suggested that COS could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal barrier impairment, and oxidative and immunological stress in laying hens.

Project description:This study was conducted to investigate the effect of PUFA-enriched rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil (RSO) supplementation in diets on the productive performance, plasma biochemical parameters, immune response, and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged laying hens. Two hundred and forty 25-wk-old Lohmann Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatments, each including 4 replicates with 12 birds per replicate. The control group and LPS-challenged group were fed a corn-soybean-basal diet; 3 RSO-supplemented groups were fed experimental diets containing 1, 2, and 4% RSO for a feeding period of 4 wk. On the 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 d of the RSO supplementation period of 4 wk, hens were injected intraperitoneally with LPS at 1 mg/kg body weight (challenge group and RSO-supplemented groups) or with the same amount of saline (control group). The results showed that the addition of RSO promoted laying performance by increasing egg production, total egg weight, daily egg mass, and feed intake in comparison to the LPS-challenged laying hens (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with laying hens stimulated with LPS, the analysis of blood cell and plasma parameters revealed that hens in RSO-supplemented groups had significantly lower levels (P < 0.05) of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, immunoglobulin A (IgA), triiodothyronine (T3), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Further, RSO supplementation significantly reduced the mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) of the ileum, spleen, and liver in LPS-challenged laying hens (P < 0.05), suggesting that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RSO is related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, RSO supplementation in diets could improve laying performance, attenuate immunological stress, and inhibit the inflammatory response in LPS-challenged laying hens, especially at the dietary inclusion of 4% RSO. This study will provide an insight into the application of RSO to positively contribute to overall health and welfare in laying hens.

Project description:Background:Phosphorus is an essential nutrient to maintain poultry health and performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary phosphorus levels on egg production, egg quality, bone health, immune responses of laying hens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Methods:Three hundred laying hens at 28 wk were randomly divided into 2 dietary treatments with 10 replicates of 15 birds. The wheat-soybean based diets contained either 0.12% or 0.4% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). At 32 wk of age, all the birds of each dietary treatment were injected into the abdomen with 1.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of either LPS or saline once a day at 24-h intervals for continuous 9 d. The performance of laying hens was evaluated for 9 d. The eggs after the fifth injection were collected to value the egg quality. Three hours after the first injection, blood was collected to measure serum metabolite and immune response associated parameters. Three hours after the fifth injection, the hens were euthanized to obtain tibia, cecal tonsils and jejunum. Results:Compared with saline-injected hens, LPS-injected hens had lower feed intake and egg production (P?<?0.05). Eggshell thickness, strength, albumin height and Haugh unit were significantly increased in LPS-injected hens compared with saline-injected hens (P?<?0.05). Furthermore, laying hens challenged with LPS had lower villious height/ crypt depth ration than those received saline. Serum calcium, phosphorus and SOD activities significantly decreased in the LPS-injected hens compared with the control (P?<?0.05). LPS up-regulated expression of IL-1?, IL-6 and IL-10 in cecum, and serum concentration of MDA, IL-1? and IL-6 (P?<?0.05), whereas 0.40% dietary non-phytate phosphorus supplementation significantly increased (P?<?0.05) villi height/crypt depth ratio, decreased (P?<?0.05) serum MDA and IFN-? concentration compared with the 0.12% non-phytate phosphorus group. Conclusion:In summary, this study demonstrates that 0.40% dietary non-phytate phosphorus supplementation significantly increased calcium and phosphorus levels of eggshell, increased villi height/crypt depth ratio, decreased serum MDA and IFN-? concentration compared with the 0.12% non-phytate phosphorus groups. The results indicate that high level of dietary non-phytate phosphorus exerts a potential effect in alleviating systemic inflammation of LPS-challenged laying hens.

Project description:Due to the exceptional laying performance of hens, the demand on lipid metabolism and oxidation in vivo is vigorous, resulting in excessive lipid accumulation in late-phase hens, which lowers the production performance. Bile acids regulate lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in humans and animals. However, the effect of porcine bile acids on lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota in laying hens in the late phase is still unclear. A total of 360 healthy 45-week-old laying hens were chosen for a 24-week feeding trial, where 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg porcine bile acids were added to a basal diet, respectively. The results showed that dietary supplementation of 60 mg/kg bile acids increased egg production and feed conversion (P < 0.05). Also, 60 and 90 mg/kg porcine bile acids reduced abdominal fat percentage and body weight (P < 0.05). The levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of hens decreased (P < 0.05) in bile acids supplement groups. As for cecal microbiota, bile acids supplementation did not affect the alpha diversity of cecal microbiota at the genus level. Moreover, dietary supplementation of 90 mg/kg bile acids resulted in an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the cecum, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Turicibacter. The changes in the cecal microbiota caused by bile acids supplementation correlated with serum lipid indexes. According to KEGG pathway analysis, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg bile acids promoted structural transformation of the cecal microbiota to down-regulate steroid biosynthesis, up-regulate fatty acid degradation and up-regulate unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Meanwhile, bile acids bio-isomerization function of cecal microbiota was enhanced in 60 and 90 mg/kg bile acids treatment, and the short-chain fatty acid metabolism was also affected. In conclusion, the present study revealed dietary supplementation of porcine bile acids enriched probiotics in the gut and improved serum lipid metabolism of laying hens. These findings demonstrate that porcine bile acids can be a potential gut beneficial promoter for late-phase laying hens.

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Dietary vitamin D3 supplementation protects laying hens against lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress.

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Dietary vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation protects laying hens against lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress.

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