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Conditional Selection of B Cells in Mice With an Inducible B Cell Development.

ABSTRACT: Developing B cells undergo defined maturation steps in the bone marrow and in the spleen. The timing and the factors that control these differentiation steps are not fully understood. By targeting the B cell-restricted mb-1 locus to generate an mb-1 allele that expresses a tamoxifen inducible Cre and another allele in which mb-1 expression can be controlled by Cre, we have established a mouse model with an inducible B cell compartment. With these mice, we studied in detail the kinetics of B cell development and the consequence of BCR activation at a defined B cell maturation stage. Contrary to expectations, transitional 1-B cells exposed to anti-IgM reagents in vivo did not die but instead developed into transitional 2 (T2)-B cells with upregulated Bcl-2 expression. We show, however, that these T2-B cells had an increased dependency on the B cell survival factor B cell activating factor when compared to non-stimulated B cells. Overall, our findings indicate that the inducible mb-1 mouse strain represents a useful model, which allows studying the signals that control the selection of B cells in greater detail.

SUBMITTER: Hobeika E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6087743 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Conditional Selection of B Cells in Mice With an Inducible B Cell Development.

Hobeika Elias E Dautzenberg Marcel M Levit-Zerdoun Ella E Pelanda Roberta R Reth Michael M

Frontiers in immunology 20180806

Developing B cells undergo defined maturation steps in the bone marrow and in the spleen. The timing and the factors that control these differentiation steps are not fully understood. By targeting the B cell-restricted mb-1 locus to generate an mb-1 allele that expresses a tamoxifen inducible Cre and another allele in which mb-1 expression can be controlled by Cre, we have established a mouse model with an inducible B cell compartment. With these mice, we studied in detail t ...[more]

PMID: 30127788

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Project description:AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:Retinal Müller cells are known to produce inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines, which play important roles in diabetic retinopathy. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 has been shown to play a crucial role in retinal inflammation and neovascularisation. We sought to determine the role of Müller cell-derived HIF-1 in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and diabetic retinopathy using conditional Hif-1? (also known as Hif1a) knockout (KO) mice. METHODS:Conditional Hif-1? KO mice were generated by crossing mice expressing cyclisation recombinase (cre, also known as P1_gp003) in Müller cells with floxed Hif-1? mice and used for OIR and streptozotocin-induced diabetes to induce retinal neovascularisation and inflammation, respectively. Abundance of HIF-1? and pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors was measured by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Retinal neovascularisation was visualised by angiography and quantified by counting pre-retinal nuclei. Retinal inflammation was evaluated by leucostasis and vascular leakage. RESULTS:While the Hif-1? KO mice showed significantly decreased HIF-1? levels in the retina, they exhibited no apparent histological or visual functional abnormalities under normal conditions. Compared with wild-type counterparts, Hif-1? KO mice with OIR demonstrated attenuated overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, reduced vascular leakage and alleviated neovascularisation in the retina. Under diabetes conditions, disruption of Hif-1? in Müller cells attenuated the increases of retinal vascular leakage and adherent leucocytes, as well as the overproduction of VEGF and ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:Müller cell-derived HIF-1? is a key mediator of retinal neovascularisation, vascular leakage and inflammation, the major pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy. Müller cell-derived HIF-1? is therefore a promising therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy.

Project description:Conditional expression strains serve as a valuable tool to study the essentiality and to establish the vulnerability of a target under investigation in a drug discovery program. While essentiality implies an absolute requirement of a target function, vulnerability provides valuable information on the extent to which a target function needs to be depleted to achieve bacterial growth inhibition followed by cell death. The critical feature of an ideal conditional expression system is its ability to tightly regulate gene expression to achieve the full spectrum spanning from a high level of expression in order to support growth and near zero level of expression to mimic conditions of gene knockout. A number of bacterial conditional expression systems have been reported for use in mycobacteria. The utility of an isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG) inducible system in mycobacteria has been reported for protein overexpression and anti-sense gene expression from a replicating multi-copy plasmid. Herein, we report the development of a versatile set of non-replicating IPTG inducible vectors for mycobacteria which can be used for generation of conditional expression strains through homologous recombination. The role of a single lac operator versus a double lac operator to regulate gene expression was evaluated by monitoring the expression levels of ?-galactosidase in Mycobacterium smegmatis. These studies indicated a significant level of leaky expression from the vector with a single lac operator but none from the vector with double lac operator. The significance of the double lac operator vector for target validation was established by monitoring the growth kinetics of an inhA, a rpoB and a ftsZ conditional expression strain grown in the presence of different concentrations of IPTG. The utility of this inducible system in identifying target specific inhibitors was established by screening a focussed library of small molecules using an inhA and a rpoB conditional expression strain.

Dataset Information

Conditional Selection of B Cells in Mice With an Inducible B Cell Development.

Publications

Conditional Selection of B Cells in Mice With an Inducible B Cell Development.

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