Dataset Information

First report of Anaplasma marginale infection in goats, Brazil.

ABSTRACT: Anaplasma marginale, the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, is a tick-borne bacterium that causes significant economic losses for cattle industries and is increasingly being detected in other animal species. Rhipicephalus microplus is the main vector of this bacterium and may be found parasitizing small ruminants. In northeastern Brazil, multispecies grazing is a common family subsistence practice on smallholder farms possibly facilitating interspecies transmission of pathogens. Considering that A. marginale infection has been previously molecularly described in sheep, this study has aimed to estimate the prevalence of A. marginale and factors associated with the infection in goats from northeastern Brazil. A total of 403 goat blood samples were included in the study. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each farm owner addressing age, gender, presence of ticks and multispecies grazing. All samples were screened for A. marginale- and A. ovis-infection using primers targeting the Anaplasma spp. msp4 gene. The identity of A. marginale in the blood was confirmed by PCR amplification of msp5 followed by sequencing. Anaplasma spp. were differentiated by sequencing of the repeat region of the msp1? gene. For the statistical analysis the Chi-square or the Fisher's exact test was used to verify association of the individual factors (age, gender, presence of ticks, and multispecies grazing) with Anaplasma spp. infection. We report the first molecular detection of A. marginale in goats from northeastern Brazil, based on msp1?, msp4 and msp5 gene sequencing analysis. Sequencing of the detected A. marginale msp1? gene revealed the F repeat. Amblyomma parvum and R. microplus were found feeding on animals.

SUBMITTER: da Silva NB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6089441 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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First report of Anaplasma marginale infection in goats, Brazil.

da Silva Nayara B NB Taus Naomi S NS Johnson Wendell C WC Mira Anabela A Schnittger Leonhard L Valente Jessica D M JDM Vidotto Odilon O Masterson Hayley E HE Vieira Thállitha S W J TSWJ Ueti Massaro W MW Vieira Rafael F C RFC

PloS one 20180813 8

Anaplasma marginale, the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, is a tick-borne bacterium that causes significant economic losses for cattle industries and is increasingly being detected in other animal species. Rhipicephalus microplus is the main vector of this bacterium and may be found parasitizing small ruminants. In northeastern Brazil, multispecies grazing is a common family subsistence practice on smallholder farms possibly facilitating interspecies transmission of pathogens. Considering ...[more]

PMID: 30102734

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Project description:In addressing R. microplus - A. marginale interactions, we propose and test three linked hypotheses. The first is that the tick gene response is organ specific: the midgut gene regulation is unique during feeding and during acquisition of A. marginale as compared to the salivary gland. This distinction is relevant as the two organs serve very different roles in the transmission biology of A. marginale with early survival and replication within the midgut epithelium, composed of highly phagocytic cells, required for initial colonization while a second round of replication in the salivary gland acini, composed of highly secretory cells, is required for transmission of an infectious dose in the saliva. Importantly, both the midgut epithelium and salivary glands have been identified as separate and distinct barriers for transmission of A. marginale and thus represent two potential sites where transmission could be blocked. The second hypothesis to be tested is that the salivary gland transcriptome is temporally dynamic. Initiation of tick attachment and feeding involves secretion of a virtual pharmacopeia including lytic enzymes, anticoagulants, and inhibitors of the mammalian innate immune and nocioceptive systems. Concomitantly, the acini provide an environment where A. marginale replicates >100 fold and are secreted into the saliva. Prior studies show that duration of feeding is a critical component of transmission efficiency, with increased efficiency positively correlated with time of tick feeding. The third hypothesis to be tested is that A. marginale colonization does not significantly modulate the tick midgut and salivary gland transcriptome. This hypothesis is based on observations by ourselves and others that tick infection does not impart a significant fitness cost on the vector. This is in contrast to other bacterial and protozoal pathogens that have dramatic effects on success of tick attachment, engorgement, and survival. A. marginale, similar to other tick-borne pathogens in the Family Anaplasmataceeae, is believed to have evolved from an arthropod-specific bacterium with relatively late adaptation to specific niches in mammalian hosts. Consequently, we predict that A. marginale is well adapted to its tick vector and utilizes the normal signaling pathways of the feeding tick with few, if any, effects on the midgut and salivary gland transcriptome. In this manuscript, we report the testing of these three hypotheses and present the results in context of the vector-pathogen-mammalian host interaction at the time of transmission.

Dataset Information

First report of Anaplasma marginale infection in goats, Brazil.

Publications

First report of Anaplasma marginale infection in goats, Brazil.

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