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Occupational Therapy, Self-Efficacy, Well-Being in Older Adults Living in Residential Care Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Choosing the type of treatment approach is as important as the treatment itself, also giving and important value to internal variables in the individual that can determine the evolution of the intervention. The main aim of this study is to determine whether individual and/or group occupational therapy leads to changes in generalized self-efficacy and psychological well-being, and to identify the type of therapy that has the best effects on older adults. Method: Prospective, randomized, comparing two treatment groups: individual and group therapy during 6 months. A total sample of 70 patients institutionalized in residential care homes for older adults with a mean age of 85 (SD = 4). Assessment was conducted using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Ryff's Well-being Scale. For analyze the main dependent variables we used ANOVA for intra-subject and inter-subject factors and Pearson correlation between well-being and self-efficacy by type of treatment. Results: Groups were equivalent at baseline. The results show statistically significant differences between the two types of therapy, showing a positive correlation between well-being and self-efficacy, being greater at a group level than at and individual level. At the group level, practically all of variables measured in the participants were increased as shown in the results tables, including a better adaptation and predisposition to work four participants died while the study was being conducted. Conclusion: The clinical trial shows that older people in residential centers achieve an increase in emotional well-being and self-efficacy when they receive occupational therapy group, rather than individual treatment not being significant changes. Treatment group participants reported a positive experience and clinical benefits from training program. The clinical trial was registered in the U.S. National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) with NCT02906306 identifier.

SUBMITTER: Toledano-Gonzalez A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6090526 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Occupational Therapy, Self-Efficacy, Well-Being in Older Adults Living in Residential Care Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Toledano-González Abel A Labajos-Manzanares Teresa T Romero-Ayuso Dulce María DM

Frontiers in psychology 20180807

<b>Introduction:</b> Choosing the type of treatment approach is as important as the treatment itself, also giving and important value to internal variables in the individual that can determine the evolution of the intervention. The main aim of this study is to determine whether individual and/or group occupational therapy leads to changes in generalized self-efficacy and psychological well-being, and to identify the type of therapy that has the best effects on older adults. <b>Method:</b> Prospe ...[more]

PMID: 30131748

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Project description:ObjectiveIn this systematic review, we aimed to summarise the empirical evidence on common mental disorders (CMDs), cognitive impairment, frailty and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with HIV aged ≥50 years (PLWH50 +) residing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Specifically, we document the prevalence and correlates of these outcomes.Design, data sources and eligibility criteriaThe following online databases were systematically searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus up to January 2021. English-language publications on depression, anxiety, cognitive function, frailty and quality of life among PLWH50+ residing in SSA were included.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted information, including study characteristics and main findings. These were tabulated, and a narrative synthesis approach was adopted, given the substantial heterogeneity among included studies.ResultsA total of 50 studies from fifteen SSA countries met the inclusion criteria. About two-thirds of these studies emanated from Ethiopia, Uganda and South Africa. Studies regarding depression predominated (n=26), followed by cognitive impairment (n=13). Overall, PLWH50+ exhibited varying prevalence of depression (6%-59%), cognitive impairments (4%-61%) and frailty (3%-15%). The correlates of CMDs, cognitive impairment, frailty and HRQoL were rarely investigated, but those reported were sociodemographic variables, many of which were inconsistent.ConclusionsThis review documented an increasing number of published studies on HIV and ageing from SSA. However, the current evidence on the mental and well-being outcomes in PLWH50+ is inadequate to characterise the public health dimension of these impairments in SSA, because of heterogeneous findings, few well-designed studies and substantial methodological limitations in many of the available studies. Future work should have sufficiently large samples of PLWH50+, engage appropriate comparison groups, harmonise the measurement of these outcomes using a standardised methodology to generate more robust prevalence estimates and confirm predictors.Prospero registration numberCRD42020145791.

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Dataset Information

Occupational Therapy, Self-Efficacy, Well-Being in Older Adults Living in Residential Care Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Publications

Occupational Therapy, Self-Efficacy, Well-Being in Older Adults Living in Residential Care Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

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