Dataset Information

The genomic history of southeastern Europe.

ABSTRACT: Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout Europe. Here, to understand the dynamics of this process, we analysed genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12000 and 500 bc. We document a west-east cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and, in eastern Europe, the early stages in the formation of Bronze Age steppe ancestry. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe dispersed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some early groups in the southeast mixed extensively with hunter-gatherers without the sex-biased admixture that prevailed later in the north and west. We also show that southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between east and west after the arrival of farmers, with intermittent genetic contact with steppe populations occurring up to 2,000 years earlier than the migrations from the steppe that ultimately replaced much of the population of northern Europe.

SUBMITTER: Mathieson I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6091220 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The genomic history of southeastern Europe.

Mathieson Iain I Alpaslan-Roodenberg Songül S Posth Cosimo C Szécsényi-Nagy Anna A Rohland Nadin N Mallick Swapan S Olalde Iñigo I Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen N Candilio Francesca F Cheronet Olivia O Fernandes Daniel D Ferry Matthew M Gamarra Beatriz B Fortes Gloria González GG Haak Wolfgang W Harney Eadaoin E Jones Eppie E Keating Denise D Krause-Kyora Ben B Kucukkalipci Isil I Michel Megan M Mittnik Alissa A Nägele Kathrin K Novak Mario M Oppenheimer Jonas J Patterson Nick N Pfrengle Saskia S Sirak Kendra K Stewardson Kristin K Vai Stefania S Alexandrov Stefan S Alt Kurt W KW Andreescu Radian R Antonović Dragana D Ash Abigail A Atanassova Nadezhda N Bacvarov Krum K Gusztáv Mende Balázs MB Bocherens Hervé H Bolus Michael M Boroneanţ Adina A Boyadzhiev Yavor Y Budnik Alicja A Burmaz Josip J Chohadzhiev Stefan S Conard Nicholas J NJ Cottiaux Richard R Čuka Maja M Cupillard Christophe C Drucker Dorothée G DG Elenski Nedko N Francken Michael M Galabova Borislava B Ganetsovski Georgi G Gély Bernard B Hajdu Tamás T Handzhyiska Veneta V Harvati Katerina K Higham Thomas T Iliev Stanislav S Janković Ivor I Karavanić Ivor I Kennett Douglas J DJ Komšo Darko D Kozak Alexandra A Labuda Damian D Lari Martina M Lazar Catalin C Leppek Maleen M Leshtakov Krassimir K Vetro Domenico Lo DL Los Dženi D Lozanov Ivaylo I Malina Maria M Martini Fabio F McSweeney Kath K Meller Harald H Menđušić Marko M Mirea Pavel P Moiseyev Vyacheslav V Petrova Vanya V Price T Douglas TD Simalcsik Angela A Sineo Luca L Šlaus Mario M Slavchev Vladimir V Stanev Petar P Starović Andrej A Szeniczey Tamás T Talamo Sahra S Teschler-Nicola Maria M Thevenet Corinne C Valchev Ivan I Valentin Frédérique F Vasilyev Sergey S Veljanovska Fanica F Venelinova Svetlana S Veselovskaya Elizaveta E Viola Bence B Virag Cristian C Zaninović Joško J Zäuner Steve S Stockhammer Philipp W PW Catalano Giulio G Krauß Raiko R Caramelli David D Zariņa Gunita G Gaydarska Bisserka B Lillie Malcolm M Nikitin Alexey G AG Potekhina Inna I Papathanasiou Anastasia A Borić Dušan D Bonsall Clive C Krause Johannes J Pinhasi Ron R Reich David D

Nature 20180221 7695

Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout Europe. Here, to understand the dynamics of this process, we analysed genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12000 and 500 bc. We document a west-east cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and, in eastern Europe, the early stages in the ...[more]

PMID: 29466330

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Project description:BackgroundThe history of human populations occupying the plains and mountain ridges separating Europe from Asia has been eventful, as these natural obstacles were crossed westward by multiple waves of Turkic and Uralic-speaking migrants as well as eastward by Europeans. Unfortunately, the material records of history of this region are not dense enough to reconstruct details of population history. These considerations stimulate growing interest to obtain a genetic picture of the demographic history of migrations and admixture in Northern Eurasia.ResultsWe genotyped and analyzed 1076 individuals from 30 populations with geographical coverage spanning from Baltic Sea to Baikal Lake. Our dense sampling allowed us to describe in detail the population structure, provide insight into genomic history of numerous European and Asian populations, and significantly increase quantity of genetic data available for modern populations in region of North Eurasia. Our study doubles the amount of genome-wide profiles available for this region. We detected unusually high amount of shared identical-by-descent (IBD) genomic segments between several Siberian populations, such as Khanty and Ket, providing evidence of genetic relatedness across vast geographic distances and between speakers of different language families. Additionally, we observed excessive IBD sharing between Khanty and Bashkir, a group of Turkic speakers from Southern Urals region. While adding some weight to the "Finno-Ugric" origin of Bashkir, our studies highlighted that the Bashkir genepool lacks the main "core", being a multi-layered amalgamation of Turkic, Ugric, Finnish and Indo-European contributions, which points at intricacy of genetic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations. Comparison of the genetic structure of Siberian ethnicities and the geography of the region they inhabit point at existence of the "Great Siberian Vortex" directing genetic exchanges in populations across the Siberian part of Asia. Slavic speakers of Eastern Europe are, in general, very similar in their genetic composition. Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians have almost identical proportions of Caucasus and Northern European components and have virtually no Asian influence. We capitalized on wide geographic span of our sampling to address intriguing question about the place of origin of Russian Starovers, an enigmatic Eastern Orthodox Old Believers religious group relocated to Siberia in seventeenth century. A comparative reAdmix analysis, complemented by IBD sharing, placed their roots in the region of the Northern European Plain, occupied by North Russians and Finno-Ugric Komi and Karelian people. Russians from Novosibirsk and Russian Starover exhibit ancestral proportions close to that of European Eastern Slavs, however, they also include between five to 10 % of Central Siberian ancestry, not present at this level in their European counterparts.ConclusionsOur project has patched the hole in the genetic map of Eurasia: we demonstrated complexity of genetic structure of Northern Eurasians, existence of East-West and North-South genetic gradients, and assessed different inputs of ancient populations into modern populations.

Project description:BackgroundWe aimed to assess the current state of PKU screening and management in the region of southeastern Europe.MethodsA survey was performed involving all identified professionals responsible for the PKU management in the 11 countries from South-Eastern region of Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia). The questionnaire was designed to assess the characteristics regarding PKU management in three main areas: nation-wide characteristics, PKU screening, and characteristics of the PKU management in the responding centre. It consisted of 56 questions. The distribution and collection of the questionnaires (via e-mail) was taking place from December 2013 to March 2014.ResultsResponses from participants from 11 countries were included; the countries cumulative population is approx. 52.5 mio. PKU screening was not yet introduced in 4 of 11 countries. Reported PKU incidences ranged from 1/7325 to 1/39338 (and were not known for 5 countries). National PKU guidelines existed in 5 of 11 countries and 7 of 11 countries had PKU registry (registries included 40 to 194 patients). The number of PKU centers in each country varied from 1 to 6. Routine genetic diagnostics was reported in 4 of 11 countries. Most commonly used laboratory method to assess phenylalanine levels was fluorometric. Tetrahydrobiopterine was used in only 2 of 11 countries. Most frequently, pediatricians were caring for the patients. Dietitian was a member of PKU team in only 4 of 11 countries, while regular psychological assessments were performed in 6 of 11 countries. Patient's PKU society existed in 7 of 11 countries.ConclusionsThe region of southeastern Europe was facing certain important challenges of PKU screening and management. Neonatal PKU screening should be introduced throughout the region. Furthermore, PKU management was falling behind internationally established standards-of-care in many aspects.

Dataset Information

The genomic history of southeastern Europe.

Publications

The genomic history of southeastern Europe.

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