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Modelling anthelmintic resistance by extending eggCounts package to allow individual efficacy.

ABSTRACT: The same anthelmintic treatment can have variable efficacy on individual animals even if the parasite population is homogenously susceptible. An extension of the R package eggCounts is proposed to take individual efficacy into account using a Bayesian hierarchical model. A simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of five different methods on estimating faecal egg count reduction and its uncertainty interval. Simulation results showed the individual efficacy model offered robust inference to two different data simulation procedures with low root mean squared error on the reduction estimate and appropriate uncertainty estimates. Different methods were used to evaluate the anthelmintic resistance in a dataset from USA with sheep and cattle faecal egg counts, where a strong anthelmintic resistance was detected. Open-source statistical tools were updated to include the proposed model.

SUBMITTER: Wang C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6091319 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modelling anthelmintic resistance by extending eggCounts package to allow individual efficacy.

Wang Craig C Torgerson Paul R PR Kaplan Ray M RM George Melissa M MM Furrer Reinhard R

International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance 20180803 3

The same anthelmintic treatment can have variable efficacy on individual animals even if the parasite population is homogenously susceptible. An extension of the R package eggCounts is proposed to take individual efficacy into account using a Bayesian hierarchical model. A simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of five different methods on estimating faecal egg count reduction and its uncertainty interval. Simulation results showed the individual efficacy model offered robust i ...[more]

PMID: 30103206

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Project description:BackgroundTo work towards reaching the WHO goal of eliminating soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections as a public health problem, the total number of children receiving anthelmintic drugs has strongly increased over the past few years. However, as drug pressure levels rise, the development of anthelmintic drug resistance (AR) is more and more likely to appear. Currently, any global surveillance system to monitor drug efficacy and the emergence of possible AR is lacking. Consequently, it remains unclear to what extent the efficacy of drugs may have dropped and whether AR is already present. The overall aim of this study is to recommend the best diagnostic methods to monitor drug efficacy and molecular markers to assess the emergence of AR in STH control programs.MethodsA series of drug efficacy trials will be performed in four STH endemic countries with varying drug pressure (Ethiopia and Brazil: low drug pressure, Lao PDR: moderate drug pressure and Tanzania: high drug pressure). These trials are designed to assess the efficacy of a single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole (ALB) against STH infections in school-aged children (SAC) by microscopic (duplicate Kato-Katz thick smear, Mini-FLOTAC and FECPAKG2) and molecular stool-based diagnostic methods (quantitative PCR (qPCR)). Data will be collected on the cost of the materials used, as well as the time required to prepare and examine stool samples for the different diagnostic methods. Following qPCR, DNA samples will also be submitted for pyrosequencing to assess the presence and prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the β-tubulin gene. These SNPs are known to be linked to AR in animal STHs.DiscussionThe results obtained by these trials will provide robust evidence regarding the cost-efficiency and diagnostic performance of the different stool-based diagnostic methods for the assessment of drug efficacy in control programs. The assessment of associations between the frequency of SNPs in the β-tubulin gene and the history of drug pressure and drug efficacy will allow the validation of these SNPs as a marker for AR in human STHs.Trial registrationThe trial was retrospectively registered the 7th of March 2018 on Clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT03465488).

Dataset Information

Modelling anthelmintic resistance by extending eggCounts package to allow individual efficacy.

Publications

Modelling anthelmintic resistance by extending eggCounts package to allow individual efficacy.

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