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Oxidative stress decreases the redox ratio and folate content in the gut microbe, Enterococcus durans (MTCC 3031).

ABSTRACT: Gut microbiome plays an important role in determining the effectiveness of cancer therapy. The composition of the microbiome is crucial to maintain good digestive health in the host, and to prevent and treat colorectal cancers. Most cancer therapies employ oxidative stress, which disturbs the redox status of the cell, and consequently affect growth, reductive biosynthesis and cell death. Therefore, oxidative stress can undesirably affect the gut microbiome. Hence, it is important to understand the impact of oxidative stress on gut bacteria to devise effective treatment strategies. The current study induces oxidative stress in the model gut bacterium Enterococcus durans (MTCC 3031) with menadione and H₂O₂. Oxidative stress considerably decreased the redox ratio (NADPH/NADP), an indicator of the redox status, by 55% (menadione) and 28% (H₂O₂). In addition, an oxidative stress induced decrease in redox ratio decreased folate synthesis by the bacteria, which is an undesirable consequence for the host, since folate deficiency can induce colorectal cancer. Further, oxidative stress considerably decreased growth and the biomass density by 61% (menadione) and 21% (H₂O₂). Thus, maintenance of the cellular redox status and management of oxidative stress in the gut microbiome may be crucial to the effectiveness of cancer treatment strategies.

SUBMITTER: Jose S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6092354 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Oxidative stress decreases the redox ratio and folate content in the gut microbe, Enterococcus durans (MTCC 3031).

Jose Steffi S Bhalla Prerna P Suraishkumar G K GK

Scientific reports 20180814 1

Gut microbiome plays an important role in determining the effectiveness of cancer therapy. The composition of the microbiome is crucial to maintain good digestive health in the host, and to prevent and treat colorectal cancers. Most cancer therapies employ oxidative stress, which disturbs the redox status of the cell, and consequently affect growth, reductive biosynthesis and cell death. Therefore, oxidative stress can undesirably affect the gut microbiome. Hence, it is important to understand t ...[more]

PMID: 30108274

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Project description:The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant, livestock-associated Enterococcus faecalis represents a public health concern. Here, we report the isolation, molecular detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants, in addition to the phylogenetic analyses of 20 Enterococcus species using whole genome sequencing analysis of 15 Enterococcus faecalis strains including six strains of three novel sequence types, three Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus durans. All strains were isolated from food chain animals in South Africa. Enterococcus strains were isolated on bile aesculin azide agar, followed by identification using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The genomic DNA of the isolates was extracted and sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequence reads were trimmed and de novo assembled. The assembled contigs were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes and chromosomal mutations, extra-chromosomal plasmids, and multi-locus sequence type (MLST). Multidrug antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, sat4, and spw), lincosamides (lnu(B), lsa(A), and lsa(E)), macrolides (erm(B)), trimethoprim (dfrG) and tetracyclines (tet(L) and tet(M)) were identified. Plasmid replicons were detected in seven E. faecalis and three E. faecium isolates. The sequence type (ST) of each isolate was determined using the Enterococcus PubMLST database. Ten STs were identified in the collection, three of which (ST1240, ST1241, and ST1242) have not been previously reported and are described in the present study for the first time. To compare the sequenced strains to other previously sequenced E. faecalis strains, assembled sequences of E. faecalis from livestock were downloaded from the PubMLST database. Core genome-based phylogenetic analysis was performed using ParSNP. The detection of multiple drug-resistance in Enterococcus including E. faecalis and E. faecium highlights the significance of genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food chain animals. In addition, the genome sequences of Enterococcus strains reported in the present study will serve as a reference point for future molecular epidemiological studies of livestock-associated and antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis in Africa. In addition, this study enables the in-depth analysis of E. faecalis genomic structure, as well as provides valuable information on the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, and the pathogenesis of livestock-associated E. faecalis and E. faecium.

Dataset Information

Oxidative stress decreases the redox ratio and folate content in the gut microbe, Enterococcus durans (MTCC 3031).

Publications

Oxidative stress decreases the redox ratio and folate content in the gut microbe, Enterococcus durans (MTCC 3031).

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