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Cardiorespiratory fitness and response to exercise treatment in depression.

ABSTRACT: Background:Exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and reduces depressive symptoms in people with depression. It is unclear if changes in CRF are a predictor of the antidepressant effect of exercise in people with depression. Aims:To investigate whether an increase in CRF is a predictor of depression severity reduction after 12 weeks of exercise (trial registration: DRKS study ID, DRKS00008745). Method:The present study includes participants who took part in vigorous (n = 33), moderate (n = 38) and light (n = 39) intensity exercise and had CRF information (as predicted maximal oxygen uptake, V?O2max) collected before and after the intervention. Depression severity was measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). V?O2max (L/min) was assessed with the Åstrand-Rhyming submaximal cycle ergometry test. The main analysis was conducted pooling all exercise intensity groups together. Results:All exercise intensities improved V?O2max in people with depression. Regardless of frequency and intensity of exercise, an increase in post-treatment V?O2max was significantly associated with reduced depression severity at follow-up (B = -3.52, 95% CI -6.08 to -0.96); adjusting for intensity of exercise, age and body mass index made the association stronger (B = -3.89, 95% CI -6.53 to -1.26). Similarly, increased V?O2max was associated with higher odds (odds ratio = 3.73, 95% CI 1.22-11.43) of exercise treatment response (?50% reduction in MADRS score) at follow-up. Conclusions:Our data suggest that improvements in V?O2max predict a greater reduction in depression severity among individuals who were clinically depressed. This finding indicates that improvements in V?O2max may be a marker for the underpinning biological pathways for the antidepressant effect of exercise. Declaration of interest:None.

SUBMITTER: Rahman MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6094184 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cardiorespiratory fitness and response to exercise treatment in depression.

Rahman Md Shafiqur MS Helgadóttir Björg B Hallgren Mats M Forsell Yvonne Y Stubbs Brendon B Vancampfort Davy D Ekblom Örjan Ö

BJPsych open 20180814 5

<h4>Background</h4>Exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and reduces depressive symptoms in people with depression. It is unclear if changes in CRF are a predictor of the antidepressant effect of exercise in people with depression.<h4>Aims</h4>To investigate whether an increase in CRF is a predictor of depression severity reduction after 12 weeks of exercise (trial registration: DRKS study ID, DRKS00008745).<h4>Method</h4>The present study includes participants who took part in vigor ...[more]

PMID: 30140446

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Project description:Physical exercise (PE) has been shown to improve brain function via multiple neurobiological mechanisms promoting neuroplasticity. Cognitive exercise (CE) combined with PE may show an even greater effect on cognitive function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for neuroplastic signaling, may reduce with increasing age, and is confounded by fitness. The source and physiological role of human peripheral blood BDNF in plasma (pBDNF) is thought to differ from that in serum (sBDNF), and it is not yet known how pBDNF and sBDNF respond to PE and CE. A training intervention study in healthy older adults investigated the effects of acute (35 min) and prolonged (12 weeks, 30 sessions) CE and PE, both alone and in combination, on pBDNF and sBDNF. Cross-sectional associations between baseline pBDNF, sBDNF and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were also investigated. Participants (65-75 years) were randomly assigned to four groups and prescribed either CE plus 35 min of rest (n = 21, 52% female); PE [performed on a cycle ergometer at moderate intensity (65-75% of individual maximal heart rate)] plus 35 min of rest (n = 27, 56% female); CE plus PE (n = 24, 46% female), or PE plus CE (n = 25, 52% female). Groups were tested for CRF using a maximal treadmill ergometer test (VO2peak); BDNF levels (collected 48 h after CRF) during baseline, after first exercise (PE or CE) and after second exercise (PE, CE or rest); and cognitive ability pre and post 12-week training. At both pre and post, pBDNF increased after CE and PE (up to 222%), and rest (∼67%), whereas sBDNF increased only after PE (up to 18%) and returned to baseline after rest. Acute but not prolonged PE increased both pBDNF and sBDNF. CE induced acute changes in pBDNF only. Baseline pBDNF was positively associated with baseline sBDNF (n = 93, r = 0.407, p < 0.001). No changes in CRF were found in any of the groups. Baseline CRF did not correlate with baseline BDNF. Even though baseline pBDNF and sBDNF were associated, patterns of changes in pBDNF and sBDNF in response to exercise were explicitly different. Further experimental scrutiny is needed to clarify the biological mechanisms of these results.

Dataset Information

Cardiorespiratory fitness and response to exercise treatment in depression.

Publications

Cardiorespiratory fitness and response to exercise treatment in depression.

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