Dataset Information

Associations between activity patterns and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Total volumes of physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been associated with cardio-metabolic risk profiles; however, little research has examined whether patterns of activity (e.g., prolonged bouts, frequency of breaks in sitting) impact cardio-metabolic risk. The aim of this review was to synthesise the evidence concerning associations between activity patterns and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A systematic search of seven databases was completed in October 2017. Included studies were required to report associations between objectively-measured activity patterns and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and/or adolescents, and be published between 1980 and 2017. At least two researchers independently screened each study, extracted data, and undertook risk of bias assessments. RESULTS:From the 15,947 articles identified, 29 were included in this review. Twenty-four studies were observational (cross-sectional and/or longitudinal); five were experimental. Ten studies examined physical activity patterns, whilst 19 studies examined sedentary patterns. Only one study examined both physical activity and sedentary time patterns. Considerable variation in definitions of activity patterns made it impossible to identify which activity patterns were most beneficial to children's and adolescents' cardio-metabolic health. However, potential insights and current research gaps were identified. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:A consensus on how to define activity patterns is needed in order to determine which activity patterns are associated with children's and adolescents' cardio-metabolic risk. This will inform future research on the impact of activity patterns on children's and adolescents' short- and longer-term health.

SUBMITTER: Verswijveren SJJM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6095515 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Associations between activity patterns and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Verswijveren Simone J J M SJJM Lamb Karen E KE Bell Lisa A LA Timperio Anna A Salmon Jo J Ridgers Nicola D ND

PloS one 20180816 8

<h4>Introduction</h4>Total volumes of physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been associated with cardio-metabolic risk profiles; however, little research has examined whether patterns of activity (e.g., prolonged bouts, frequency of breaks in sitting) impact cardio-metabolic risk. The aim of this review was to synthesise the evidence concerning associations between activity patterns and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years.<h4>Materials and methods</ ...[more]

PMID: 30114269

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundA sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet are major factors in the increasing prevalence of obesity among Malaysian adolescents. The purpose of this systematic review is to compile the evidence from observational and intervention studies among Malaysian adolescents to evaluate the associations between diet and physical activity (PA) as determinants of cardio-metabolic risk factors.MethodsA systematic search of Medline via the PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Review and Web of Science databases was conducted for studies on the associations between diet and PA factors and cardio-metabolic risk factors among Malaysian adolescents aged 13-18 years that were published until 31 August 2017. The search results were independently screened and extracted by two reviewers.ResultsFrom over 2,410 references retrieved, 20 full texts articles were screened as potentially relevant. Seventeen (16 cross-sectional and one intervention) met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and analysis. All 17 studies were rated as poor quality and the majority had made insufficient adjustment for confounders. As regards the effect of diet and PA on cardio-metabolic health, the intakes of energy (n = 4) and macronutrients (n = 3) and meal frequency (n = 5) were the most commonly studied dietary factors, while the PA score and level were the most commonly studied PA factors. In addition, BMI and body weight were the most common cardio-metabolic health outcomes. The studies showed that obese and overweight adolescents consume significantly more energy and macronutrients. They are also more likely to skip their daily meals compared to their normal weight peers. In most studies, the direction of the PA effect on body weight was unclear. Some studies found that higher PA is associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity. However, the associations are often small or inconsistent, with few studies controlling for confounding factors.ConclusionsThis review identified a lack of evidence and well-conducted prospective studies on the effect of diet and PA on cardio-metabolic health of Malaysian adolescents.

Project description:Vitamin A, a fat-soluble essential vitamin, is implicated in a large range of physiological processes. Up to now, the associations between vitamin A and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or other metabolic risk factors are controversial in children and adolescents. Thus, we aimed to dig into the relationship of vitamin A with MetS and many other metabolic risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study derived from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers. A total of 3025 school-aged (7-17 years) children and adolescents were selected by applying multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods in the Jiangsu Province of eastern China. Through enquiry survey, anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination, relevant information and blood biochemical indexes of the participants were collected in this study. MetS was identified according to the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Multivariate logistic analysis and the generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the relationship between vitamin A and various metabolic risk factors. The overweight, obesity and MetS prevalence of children and adolescents in this study was 14.0%, 11.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high total cholesterol (TC) and hyperuricemia increased with vitamin A in a dose-dependent way. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum vitamin A Z scores were positively associated with MetS and central obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP) and elevated triglyceride (TG). Sex stratification analysis showed that both in male and female participants, the risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high LDL, high TC and hyperuricemia still increased with vitamin A levels. MetS was at a high prevalence level in children and adolescents in Jiangsu that were 7-17 years old. Vitamin A was positively associated with obesity, MetS, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. More public health measures and new visions should focus on the effects of retinol on children and adolescents.

Project description:BackgroundThe obesity prevalence in children and adolescents has increased worldwide during the past 30 years. Although diet has been identified as one risk factor for developing obesity in this age group, the role of specific dietary factors is still unclear. One way to gain insight into the role of these factors might be to detect biomarkers that reflect metabolic health and to identify the associations between dietary factors and these biomarkers. This would enable nutrition-related metabolic changes to be detected early in life, which might be a promising strategy to prevent childhood obesity. However, existing literature offers only inconclusive evidence for diet and some of these obesity-related biomarkers (e.g., blood lipids). We thus conducted a systematic literature review to further examine eligible studies that investigate associations between dietary factors and 12 obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents aged 3-18 years.MethodsWe searched the scientific databases PubMed/Medline and Web of Science Core Collection for potentially eligible articles. Our final literature search resulted in 2727 hits. After the selection process, we included 81 articles that reported on 1111 single observations on dietary factors and any of the obesity-related biomarkers.ResultsAround 81% of the total observations showed nonsignificant results. For many biomarkers we did not find enough observations to draw clear conclusions on possible associations between a dietary factor and the respective biomarker. In cases where we identified enough observations, the results were contradictory. Since these nonsignificant and inconclusive findings may impede the development of effective strategies against childhood obesity, this article takes a closer look at possible reasons for such findings. In addition, it provides action points for future research efforts.ConclusionsIn conclusion, current evidence on associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers is inconclusive. We thus provided an overview on which specific limitations may impede current research. Such knowledge is necessary to enable future research efforts to better elucidate the role of diet in the early stages of obesity development.

Project description:(1) Background: Bone plays an important role in the regulation of the systemic glucose and energy metabolism. Sclerostin, secreted by osteocytes, is an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin bone metabolic pathway, and is involved in osteoporosis and metabolic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sclerostin and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with obesity or who are overweight. (2) Methods: This study included 63 children and adolescents (20 obese, 11 overweight and 32 healthy control subjects). We evaluated the correlation between serum sclerostin and anthropometric parameters, metabolic parameters related to glucose (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), lipid, and bone metabolism (osteocalcin and 25-hydroxy vitamin D). (3) Results: Sclerostin and osteocalcin levels did not differ between obese and control groups. Sclerostin level was higher in boys than in girls (median 20.7 vs. 18.9 pmol/L, respectively; p = 0.04). In all subjects, sclerostin levels were negatively correlated with fasting insulin (r = -0.26; p = 0.04) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.28; p = 0.03), and positively correlated with serum concentrations of triglycerides (r = 0.29; p = 0.04), alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.41; p = 0.002), and osteocalcin (r = 0.33; p = 0.008). In obese patients, sclerostin levels were correlated negatively with fasting glucose (r = -0.49; p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.48; p = 0.03) and positively correlated with triglyceride levels (r = 0.53; p = 0.02). In the healthy control, sclerostin levels were correlated negatively with fasting insulin levels (r = -0.61; p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.36; p = 0.04). After adjusting for age, sex, and height SDS, a negative correlation between sclerostin and HOMA-IR was found (r = -0.39; p = 0.003) in all of the subjects. This association was more evident in obese patients (r = -0.60; p = 0.01) than in healthy controls (r = -0.39; p = 0.047). (4) Conclusions: Among children and adolescents with obesity, serum sclerostin was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms involved to understand how sclerostin affects the glucose metabolism.

Project description:BackgroundHigh amounts of time spent sitting can increase cardiovascular disease risk and are deleteriously associated cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers. Though evidence suggests that accruing sitting time in prolonged periods may convey additional risk, verification using high-quality measures is needed. We examined this issue in adults from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, using accurate measures of sitting accumulation.MethodsIn 2011/12, 739 adults aged 36 to 89 years (mean±SD 58±10 years) wore activPAL3™ monitors (which provide accurate objective measures of sitting); 678 provided ?4 valid days of monitor data and complete cardio-metabolic biomarker and confounder data. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations of sitting time, sitting time accrued in ?30 minute bouts (prolonged sitting time), and three measures of sitting accumulation patterns with cardio-metabolic risk markers: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, high- and low- density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour post-load glucose (PLG). Interactions tests examined whether associations of sitting time with biomarkers varied by usual sitting bout duration.ResultsAdjusted for potential confounders, greater amounts of sitting time and prolonged sitting time were significantly (p<0.05) deleteriously associated with BMI, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Total sitting time was also significantly associated with higher PLG. Sitting accumulation patterns of frequently interrupted sitting (compared to patterns with relatively more prolonged sitting) were significantly beneficially associated with BMI, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, PLG, and with FPG. Effect sizes were typically larger for accumulation patterns than for sitting time. Significant interactions (p<0.05) showed that associations of sitting time with HDL, triglycerides and PLG became more deleterious the longer at a time sitting was usually accumulated.ConclusionsAdding to previous evidence reliant on low-quality measures, our study showed that accumulating sitting in patterns where sitting was most frequently interrupted had significant beneficial associations with several cardio-metabolic biomarkers and that sitting for prolonged periods at a time may exacerbate some of the effects of sitting time. The findings support sedentary behavior guidelines that promote reducing and regularly interrupting sitting.

Dataset Information

Associations between activity patterns and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Publications

Associations between activity patterns and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets