HAIRY MERISTEM with WUSCHEL confines CLAVATA3 expression to the outer apical meristem layers.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhou Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6095697 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:CLAVATA3 (CLV3), a stem cell marker in Arabidopsis thaliana, encodes a secreted peptide that maintains the stem cell population within the shoot apical meristem. This work investigated the CLV3 orthologue in a major legume crop, soybean (GmCLV3). Instead of being expressed in the three outermost layers of the meristem as in Arabidopsis, GmCLV3 was expressed deeper in the central zone beneath the fourth layer (L4) of the meristem, overlapping with the expression of soybean WUSCHEL. Subsequent investigation using an alternative stem cell marker (GmLOG1) revealed its expression within layers L2-L4, indicating that GmCLV3 is not a stem cell marker. Overexpression studies of GmCLV3 in Arabidopsis and complementation of clv3-2 mutant suggest similar functional capacity to that of Arabidopsis CLV3. The expression of soybean CLV1, which encodes a receptor for CLV3 in Arabidopsis, was not detectable in the central zone of the meristem via reverse-transcription PCR analysis of amplified RNA from laser-microdissected samples or in situ, implicating a diverged pathway in soybean. This study also reports the novel expression of GmLOG1 in initials of axillary meristem in the boundary region between the SAM and developing leaf primordia, before the expression of GmWUS or GmCLV3, indicating cytokinin as one of the earliest signals in initiating and specifying the stem cell population.
| S-EPMC3871822 | biostudies-other
Project description:All above ground organs of higher plants are ultimately derived from shoot apical meristems (SAMs). The SAM exhibits distinctive structural organization, and monocot SAMs such as maize are comprised of two cell layers, a single cell layered tunica (L1) and a corpus (L2). Although recent research has revealed roles of these cell layers in the SAM, intra- and inter-cell-layer signaling networks involved in organ development remain largely unknown except for a few differentially expressed genes. Here, we used Illumnia technology to conduct RNA-seq of L1 and L2 cell layers in maize B73 maize shoot apical meristem.
2013-01-28 | GSE16868 | GEO
Project description:All above ground organs of higher plants are ultimately derived from shoot apical meristems (SAMs). The SAM exhibits distinctive structural organization, and monocot SAMs such as maize are comprised of two cell layers, a single cell layered tunica (L1) and a corpus (L2). Although recent research has revealed roles of these cell layers in the SAM, intra- and inter-cell-layer signaling networks involved in organ development remain largely unknown except for a few differentially expressed genes. Here, we used Illumnia technology to conduct RNA-seq of L1 and L2 cell layers in maize B73 maize shoot apical meristem. Single sequencing library was constructed for L1 and L2 cell layer. Each library was sequenced using 2 lanes on a Solexa flow cell. Processed data file 'ZmB73_4a.53_filtered_genes.fasta' and its README file are linked below as supplementary files. The fasta file contains the gene model ID and corresponding sequence generated from maize genome project. This fasta file was used for the following samples: GSM418173, GSM418174, GSM420173, GSM420174, GSM422828, GSM422829.
2013-01-28 | E-GEOD-16868 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:All above ground organs of higher plants are ultimately derived from specialized organogenic structures termed shoot apical meristems (SAMs). The SAM exhibits distinctive structural organization, marked by cell layering. Maize SAMs are comprised of two cell layers, L1 (single cell layered tunica) and L2 (corpus). To identify genes required for layer-specific functions intact maize SAMs were fixed, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. L1 and L2 cells were isolated from these sections via laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNA was isolated from six biological replications of L1 and L2, amplified and hybridized to microarrays spotted with ~37,000 maize cDNA clones. This experiment identified ~700 ESTs that are preferentially expressed in the L1 or the L2 (P <0.001). The L1-up-regulated ESTs included ZmOCL1 and ZmOCL4, which are known to exhibit L1-specific expression in the maize SAM. The L2-up-regulated ESTs included KNOTTED1, whose transcripts are known to accumulate in the L2 but not in the L1 of the maize SAM. Differentially expressed ESTs included genes involved in transcription, signal transduction, transport and metabolism, many of which are novel candidates that are required for layer-specific functions in the maize SAM. Several L1-up-regulated ESTs were annotated as yabby family genes or basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor-like genes, which have not previously been reported as having layer-specific expression in the SAM. Novel WW domain-containing genes (WW genes) were identified in this study. The WW domain mediates protein-protein interactions, often with signal transduction components. These WW genes were substantially up-regulated in the L1 relative to the L2. Keywords: Cell Type Comparison
2008-11-11 | GSE9610 | GEO
Project description:All above ground organs of higher plants are ultimately derived from specialized organogenic structures termed shoot apical meristems (SAMs). The SAM exhibits distinctive structural organization, marked by cell layering. Maize SAMs are comprised of two cell layers, L1 (single cell layered tunica) and L2 (corpus). To identify genes required for layer-specific functions intact maize SAMs were fixed, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. L1 and L2 cells were isolated from these sections via laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNA was isolated from six biological replications of L1 and L2, amplified and hybridized to microarrays spotted with ~37,000 maize cDNA clones. This experiment identified ~700 ESTs that are preferentially expressed in the L1 or the L2 (P <0.001). The L1-up-regulated ESTs included ZmOCL1 and ZmOCL4, which are known to exhibit L1-specific expression in the maize SAM. The L2-up-regulated ESTs included KNOTTED1, whose transcripts are known to accumulate in the L2 but not in the L1 of the maize SAM. Differentially expressed ESTs included genes involved in transcription, signal transduction, transport and metabolism, many of which are novel candidates that are required for layer-specific functions in the maize SAM. Several L1-up-regulated ESTs were annotated as yabby family genes or basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor-like genes, which have not previously been reported as having layer-specific expression in the SAM. Novel WW domain-containing genes (WW genes) were identified in this study. The WW domain mediates protein-protein interactions, often with signal transduction components. These WW genes were substantially up-regulated in the L1 relative to the L2. Keywords: Cell Type Comparison An experimental aim is to identify genes that are differentially expressed in distinct histological cell layers of maize SAM by comparing the transcript accumulation between L1 (single cell layered tunica) and L2 (corpus) using cDNA microarrays that have over 37,000 informative spots from maize.
2010-06-25 | E-GEOD-9610 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:gnp07_regeneome_transdifferenciation - microdissection - Study of the moleculars mecanism during transdifferenciation of Root ApicalMeristem to Shoot Apical Meristem - middle of growth permits to induce transdifferenciation of root apical meristem to shoot apical meristem
2012-06-01 | GSE30259 | GEO
Project description:The shoot apical meristem of angiosperms shows a highly conserved cellular architecture in which a change of cell division orientation correlates with early events of leaf initiation. However, the causal role of this altered cellular parameter in leaf formation is debatable. We have used the dynamin-like protein phragmoplastin as a tool to modify the pattern of cell division within the apical meristem. Taking a microinduction approach, we show that local alteration in cell division orientation is not sufficient to induce morphogenesis in the meristem. Surprisingly, an altered cell division pattern did lead to an altered pattern of expression of genes implicated in aspects of leaf formation. Our data identify inducible expression of phragmoplastin as a tool to manipulate cell division pattern. Furthermore, they indicate that a mechanism exists by which cells in the meristem can respond at the level of gene expression to altered parameters of cell division. These data are discussed in the context of a model linking leaf morphogenesis and differentiation.
| S-EPMC154384 | biostudies-literature
Project description:WUSCHEL (WUS) protein regulates stem cell function in shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis. The expression of WUS gene is strictly regulated by developmental cues and environmental factors. As DnaJ domain-containing proteins, SDJ1 and SDJ3 have been proven to play an important role in transcriptional activation of promoter methylated genes. Here, we showed that three DnaJ domain-containing proteins including SDJ1 and SDJ3 can bind WUS protein as a complex, which further maintain the expression of WUS gene by binding to WUS promoter. We propose a model how DnaJ domain-containing proteins are involved in the self-regulation of WUS gene in stem cells maintenance of Arabidopsis.
| S-EPMC7827474 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) genes function in meristem maintenance but play minor roles in the morphogenesis of a simple leaf that is determinate. Here, we functionally analyzed HAM genes in tomato and uncovered their involvement in compound leaf morphogenesis. Tomato encodes three HAM homologs, of which SlHAM and SlHAM2 (SlHAMs) are guided for cleavage by microRNA171 and are abundant in the shoot and floral meristems as well as in the compound leaf primordia. We found that SlHAMs silencing led to overproliferation of cells in the periphery of the meristems where SlHAM is localized. As in meristems, leaf-specific silencing of SlHAMs provoked overproliferation of meristematic cells in the organogenic compound leaf rachis. We further demonstrate that the meristematic cell overproliferation in both meristems and leaves was in part due to the misexpression of the stem cell regulator WUSCHEL, previously shown to be induced by cytokinin. Strikingly, reduction of cytokinin levels in SlHAMs-silenced leaves completely suppressed the overproliferation phenotype, suggesting a regulatory link between SlHAMs and cytokinin, a key hormone found to promote indeterminacy in meristems and leaves. Taken together, our data provide evidence that in addition to their conserved function in meristem maintenance, SlHAMs are also required for the proper morphogenesis of the compound leaf.
| S-EPMC5100029 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Regulation of the homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL concentration is critical for stem cell homeostasis in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristems. WUSCHEL regulates the transcription of CLAVATA3 through a concentration-dependent activation-repression switch. CLAVATA3, a secreted peptide, activates receptor kinase signaling to repress WUSCHEL transcription. Considering the revised regulation, CLAVATA3 mediated repression of WUSCHEL transcription alone will lead to an unstable system. Here we show that CLAVATA3 signaling regulates nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of WUSCHEL to control nuclear levels and its diffusion into adjacent cells. Our work also reveals that WUSCHEL directly interacts with EXPORTINS via EAR-like domain which is also required for destabilizing WUSCHEL in the cytoplasm. We develop a combined experimental and computational modeling approach that integrates CLAVATA3-mediated transcriptional repression of WUSCHEL and post-translational control of nuclear levels with the WUSCHEL concentration-dependent regulation of CLAVATA3. We show that the dual control by the same signal forms a seamless connection between de novo WUSCHEL synthesis and sub-cellular partitioning in providing robustness to the WUSCHEL gradient.
| S-EPMC8569176 | biostudies-literature