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Ketamine-Associated Brain Changes: A Review of the Neuroimaging Literature.


ABSTRACT: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent conditions in psychiatry. Patients who do not respond to traditional monoaminergic antidepressant treatments have an especially difficult-to-treat type of MDD termed treatment-resistant depression. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine-a glutamatergic modulator-have shown great promise for rapidly treating patients with the most severe forms of depression. As such, ketamine represents a promising probe for understanding the pathophysiology of depression and treatment response. Through neuroimaging, ketamine's mechanism may be elucidated in humans. Here, we review 47 articles of ketamine's effects as revealed by neuroimaging studies. Some important brain areas emerge, especially the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, ketamine may decrease the ability to self-monitor, may increase emotional blunting, and may increase activity in reward processing. Further studies are needed, however, to elucidate ketamine's mechanism of antidepressant action.

SUBMITTER: Ionescu DF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6102096 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov/Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ketamine-Associated Brain Changes: A Review of the Neuroimaging Literature.

Ionescu Dawn F DF   Felicione Julia M JM   Gosai Aishwarya A   Cusin Cristina C   Shin Philip P   Shapero Benjamin G BG   Deckersbach Thilo T  

Harvard review of psychiatry 20181101 6


Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent conditions in psychiatry. Patients who do not respond to traditional monoaminergic antidepressant treatments have an especially difficult-to-treat type of MDD termed treatment-resistant depression. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine-a glutamatergic modulator-have shown great promise for rapidly treating patients with the most severe forms of depression. As such, ketamine represents a promising probe for understanding the pathophysiology o  ...[more]

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