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Effect of Levothyroxine on Blood Pressure in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Background: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) have elevated blood pressure, but the effect of levothyroxine (LT4) therapy on blood pressure among those patients is still unclear. This study aimed to assess whether LT4 therapy could reduce blood pressure in SCH patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of LT4 therapy on blood pressure or prospective follow-up studies comparing the blood pressure level before and after LT4 treatment were included, and the mean difference of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was pooled using random-effect meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-nine studies including 10 RCTs and 19 prospective follow-up studies were eligible for the analysis. Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs suggested that LT4 therapy could significantly reduce SBP in SCH patients by 2.48 mmHg (95% CI -4.63 to -0.33, P = 0.024). No heterogeneity was observed among these 10 RCTs (I² = 0%). Meta-analysis of the 19 prospective follow-up studies found that LT4 therapy significantly decreased SBP and DBP by 4.80 mmHg (95%CI -6.50 to -3.09, P < 0.001) and 2.74 mmHg (95%CI -4.06 to -1.43, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The findings suggest that LT4 replacement therapy can reduce blood pressure in SCH patients, which needs to be validated in more clinical trials with larger samples.

SUBMITTER: He W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6103239 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Levothyroxine on Blood Pressure in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

He Weiwei W Li Sheli S Zhang Jin-An JA Zhang Jing J Mu Kaida K Li Xin-Ming XM

Frontiers in endocrinology 20180814

<b>Background:</b> Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) have elevated blood pressure, but the effect of levothyroxine (LT4) therapy on blood pressure among those patients is still unclear. This study aimed to assess whether LT4 therapy could reduce blood pressure in SCH patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Methods:</b> PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ass ...[more]

PMID: 30154757

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Project description:BackgroundLevothyroxine replacement therapy may decrease the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the risk of adverse pregnancy, perinatal, and early childhood outcomes among women with SCH treated with levothyroxine.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Pubmed (non-Medline), Ebsco-CINAHL Plus with full text and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and observational studies examining the association between treatment of SCH during pregnancy and our outcomes of interest were included. Studies that compared levothyroxine treatment versus no treatment were eligible for inclusion. Data from included studies were extracted and quality assessment was performed by two independent reviewers.ResultsSeven RCTs and six observational studies met our inclusion criteria. A total of 7342 individuals were included in these studies. RCTs demonstrated several sources of bias, with lack of blinding of the participants or research personnel; only one study was fully blinded. In the observational studies, there was moderate to serious risk of bias due to lack of adjustment for certain confounding variables, participant selection, and selective reporting of results. Pooled analyses showed decreased risk of pregnancy loss (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.93) and neonatal death (RR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.72) associated with levothyroxine treatment during pregnancy among women with SCH. There were no associations between levothyroxine treatment and outcomes during labour and delivery, or cognitive status in children at 3 or 5 years of age.ConclusionTreatment of SCH with levothyroxine during pregnancy is associated with decreased risks of pregnancy loss and neonatal death. Given the paucity of available data and heterogeneity of included studies, additional studies are needed to address the benefits of levothyroxine use among pregnant women with SCH.

Project description:Subclinical hypothyroidism has been accused for coronary heart disease, lipid metabolism disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, infertility or pregnancy related problems with various strength of evidence. Currently there is insufficient knowledge about olfaction and taste functions in subclinical hypothyroidism. Aim of the present study is to investigate the degree of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. 28 subclinical hypothyroid patients, and 31 controls enrolled in the prospective study in Istanbul, Turkey. Subclinical hypothyroid patients were treated with L-thyroxine for 3 months. Psychophysiological olfactory testing was performed using odor dispensers similar to felt-tip pens ("Sniffin' Sticks", Burghart, Wedel, Germany). Taste function tests were made using "Taste Strips" (Burghart, Wedel, Germany) which are basically tastant adsorbed filter paper strip. Patients scored lower on psychophysical olfactory tests than controls (odor thresholds:8.1±1.0 vs 8.9±1.1, p = 0.007; odor discrimination:12.4±1.3 vs 13.1±0.9, p = 0.016; odor identification:13.1±0.9 vs 14.0±1.1, p = 0.001; TDI score: 33.8±2.4 vs 36.9±2.1, p = 0.001). In contrast, results from psychophysical gustatory tests showed only a decreased score for "bitter" in patients, but not for other tastes (5.9±1.8 vs 6.6±1.0, p = 0.045). Three month after onset of treatment olfactory test scores already indicated improvement (odor thresholds:8.1±1.0 vs 8.6±0.6, p<0.001; odor discrimination:12.4±1.31 vs 12.9±0.8, p = 0.011; odor identification:13.1±0.9 vs 13.9±0.8, p<0.001; TDI scores:33.8±2.4 vs 35.5±1.7, p<0.001) respectively. Taste functions did not differ between groups for sweet, salty and, sour tastes but bitter taste was improved after 3 months of thyroxin substitution (patients:5.9±1.8 vs 6.6±1.2, p = 0.045). Correlation of changes in smell and taste, with thyroid function test were also evaluated. TSH, fT4 were found have no correlation with smell and taste changes with treatment. However bitter taste found positively correlated with T3 with treatment(r: 0.445, p: 0.018). Subclinical hypothyroid patients exhibited a significantly decreased olfactory sensitivity; in addition, bitter taste was significantly affected. Most importantly, these deficits can be remedied on average within 3 months with adequate treatment.

Project description:BackgroundAbundant evidence suggests an association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but small sample sizes and inconclusive data in the literature complicate this assertion.ObjectiveWe measured the prevalence of SCH in T2DM population, and investigated whether T2DM increase the risk of SCH and whether SCH was associated with diabetic complications.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wan Fang, CNKI and VIP databases for literature search. We obtained studies published between January 1, 1980 to December 1, 2014. The studies were selected to evaluate the prevalence of SCH in T2DM subjects, compare the prevalence of SCH in T2DM subjects with those non-diabetics, and investigate whether diabetic complications were more prevalent in SCH than those who were euthyroid. Fixed and random effects meta-analysis models were used, and the outcome was presented as a pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) or a summary odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI.ResultsThrough literature search, 36 articles met the inclusion criteria and these articles contained a total of 61 studies. Funnel plots and Egger's tests showed no publication bias in our studies, except for the pooled prevalence of SCH in T2DM (P = 0.08) and OR for SCH in T2DM (P = 0.04). Trim and fill method was used to correct the results and five potential missing data were replaced respectively. The adjusted pooled prevalence of SCH in T2DM patients was 10.2%, meanwhile, T2DM was associated with a 1.93-fold increase in risk of SCH (95% CI: 1.66, 2.24). Furthermore, SCH might affect the development of diabetic complications with an overall OR of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.34, 2.28) for diabetic nephropathy, 1.42 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.67) for diabetic retinopathy, 1.85 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.54) for peripheral arterial disease, and 1.87 (95% CI: 1.06, 3.28) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.ConclusionsT2DM patients are more likely to have SCH when compared with healthy population and SCH may be associated with increased diabetic complications. It is necessary to screen thyroid function in patients with T2DM, and appropriate individualized treatments in addition to thyroid function test should be given to T2DM patients with SCH as well.

Dataset Information

Effect of Levothyroxine on Blood Pressure in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Publications

Effect of Levothyroxine on Blood Pressure in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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