QTL mapping for some grain traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kumari S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6103944 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:QTL controlling flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area and flag leaf angle were mapped in wheat. This study aimed to advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying morphological traits of the flag leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from ND3331 and the Tibetan semi-wild wheat Zang1817 was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), flag leaf area (FLA), and flag leaf angle (FLANG). Using an available simple sequence repeat genetic linkage map, 23 putative QTLs for FLL, FLW, FLA, and FLANG were detected on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3A, 3D, 4B, 5A, 6B, 7B, and 7D. Individual QTL explained 4.3-68.52% of the phenotypic variance in different environments. Four QTLs for FLL, two for FLW, four for FLA, and five for FLANG were detected in at least two environments. Positive alleles of 17 QTLs for flag leaf-related traits originated from ND3331 and 6 originated from Zang1817. QTLs with pleiotropic effects or multiple linked QTL were also identified on chromosomes 1B, 4B, and 5A; these are potential target regions for fine-mapping and marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs.
| S-EPMC5852184 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimsGluten proteins are the major storage protein fraction in the mature wheat grain. They are restricted to the starchy endosperm, which forms white flour on milling, and interact during grain development to form large polymers which form a continuous proteinaceous network when flour is mixed with water to give dough. This network confers viscosity and elasticity to the dough, enabling the production of leavened products. The starchy endosperm is not a homogeneous tissue and quantitative and qualitative gradients exist for the major components: protein, starch and cell wall polysaccharides. Gradients in protein content and composition are the most evident and are of particular interest because of the major role played by the gluten proteins in determining grain processing quality.MethodsProtein gradients in the starchy endosperm were investigated using antibodies for specific gluten protein types for immunolocalization in developing grains and for western blot analysis of protein extracts from flour fractions obtained by sequential abrasion (pearling) to prepare tissue layers.Key resultsDifferential patterns of distribution were found for the high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin (HMW-GS) and γ-gliadins when compared with the low-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin (LMW-GS), ω- and α-gliadins. The first two types of gluten protein are more abundant in the inner endosperm layers and the latter more abundant in the subaleurone. Immunolocalization also showed that segregation of gluten proteins occurs both between and within protein bodies during protein deposition and may still be retained in the mature grain.ConclusionsQuantitative and qualitative gradients in gluten protein composition are established during grain development. These gradients may be due to the origin of subaleurone cells, which unlike other starchy endosperm cells derive from the re-differentiation of aleurone cells, but could also result from the action of specific regulatory signals produced by the maternal tissue on specific domains of the gluten protein gene promoters.
| S-EPMC3119610 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal food crops for the global population. Spike-layer uniformity (the consistency of the spike distribution in the vertical space)-related traits (SLURTs) are quantitative and have been shown to directly affect yield potential by modifying the plant architecture. Therefore, these parameters are important breeding targets for wheat improvement. The present study is the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) targeting SLURTs in wheat. In this study, a set of 225 diverse spring wheat accessions were used for multi-locus GWAS to evaluate SLURTs, including the number of spikes per plant (NSPP), spike length (SL), number of spikelets per spike (NSPS), grain weight per spike (GWPS), lowest tiller height (LTH), spike-layer thickness (SLT), spike-layer number (SLN) and spike-layer uniformity (SLU).ResultsIn total, 136 significant marker trait associations (MTAs) were identified when the analysis was both performed individually and combined for two environments. Twenty-nine MTAs were detected in environment one, 48 MTAs were discovered in environment two and 59 MTAs were detected using combined data from the two environments. Altogether, 15 significant MTAs were found for five traits in one of the two environments, and four significant MTAs were detected for the two traits, LTH and SLU, in both environments i.e. E1, E2 and also in combined data from the two environments. In total, 279 candidate genes (CGs) were identified, including Chaperone DnaJ, ABC transporter-like, AP2/ERF, SWEET sugar transporter, as well as genes that have previously been associated with wheat spike development, seed development and grain yield.ConclusionsThe MTAs detected through multi-locus GWAS will be useful for improving SLURTs and thus yield in wheat production through marker-assisted and genomic selection.
| S-EPMC8340506 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lodging in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a complicated phenomenon that is influenced by physiological, genetics, and external factors. It causes a great yield loss and reduces grain quality and mechanical harvesting efficiency. Lodging resistance is contributed by various traits, including increased stem strength. The aim of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling stem strength-related features (the number of big vascular bundles, stem diameter, stem wall thickness) using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between Baiqimai and Neixiang 5. Field experiments were conducted during 2020–2022, and glasshouse experiments were conducted during 2021–2022. Significant genetic variations were observed for all measured traits, and they were all highly heritable. Fifteen QTL for stem strength-related traits were identified on chromosomes 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 5A, 6B, 7A, and 7D, respectively, and 7 QTL for grain yield-related traits were identified on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 3D, 4B, 7A, and 7B, respectively. The superior allele of the major QTL for the number of big vascular bundle (VB) was independent of plant height (PH), making it possible to improve stem strength without a trade-off of PH, thus improving lodging resistance. VB also showed positive correlations with some of the yield components. The result will be useful for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) for high stem strength and high yield potential.
| S-EPMC9330363 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002).ResultsIn total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel.ConclusionsBased on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.
| S-EPMC8314532 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Deficiency of micronutrient elements, such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), is called "hidden hunger," and bio-fortification is the most effective way to overcome the problem. In this study, a high-density Affymetrix 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain Zn (GZn) and grain Fe (GFe) concentrations in 254 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross Jingdong 8/Bainong AK58 in nine environments. There was a wide range of variation in GZn and GFe concentrations among the RILs, with the largest effect contributed by the line × environment interaction, followed by line and environmental effects. The broad sense heritabilities of GZn and GFe were 0.36 ± 0.03 and 0.39 ± 0.03, respectively. Seven QTL for GZn on chromosomes 1DS, 2AS, 3BS, 4DS, 6AS, 6DL, and 7BL accounted for 2.2-25.1% of the phenotypic variances, and four QTL for GFe on chromosomes 3BL, 4DS, 6AS, and 7BL explained 2.3-30.4% of the phenotypic variances. QTL on chromosomes 4DS, 6AS, and 7BL might have pleiotropic effects on both GZn and GFe that were validated on a germplasm panel. Closely linked SNP markers were converted to high-throughput KASP markers, providing valuable tools for selection of improved Zn and Fe bio-fortification in breeding.
| S-EPMC8219861 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHigh post-anthesis (p.a) temperatures reduce mature grain weights in wheat and other cereals. However, the causes of this reduction are not entirely known. Control of grain expansion by the maternally derived pericarp of the grain has previously been suggested, although this interaction has not been investigated under high p.a. temperatures. Down-regulation of pericarp localised genes that regulate cell wall expansion under high p.a. temperatures may limit expansion of the encapsulated endosperm due to a loss of plasticity in the pericarp, reducing mature grain weight. Here the effect of high p.a. temperatures on the transcriptome of the pericarp and endosperm of the wheat grain during early grain-filling was investigated via RNA-Seq and is discussed alongside grain moisture dynamics during early grain development and mature grain weight.ResultsHigh p.a. temperatures applied from 6-days after anthesis (daa) and until 18daa reduced the grain's ability to accumulate water, with total grain moisture and percentage grain moisture content being significantly reduced from 14daa onwards. Mature grain weight was also significantly reduced by the same high p.a. temperatures applied from 6daa for 4-days or more, in a separate experiment. Comparison of our RNA-Seq data from whole grains, with existing data sets from isolated pericarp and endosperm tissues enabled the identification of subsets of genes whose expression was significantly affected by high p.a. temperature and predominantly expressed in either tissue. Hierarchical clustering and gene ontology analysis resulted in the identification of a number of genes implicated in the regulation of cell wall expansion, predominantly expressed in the pericarp and significantly down-regulated under high p.a. temperatures, including endoglucanase, xyloglucan endotransglycosylases and a β-expansin. An over-representation of genes involved in the 'cuticle development' functional pathway that were expressed in the pericarp and affected by high p.a. temperatures was also observed.ConclusionsHigh p.a. temperature induced down-regulation of genes involved in regulating pericarp cell wall expansion. This concomitant down-regulation with a reduction in total grain moisture content and grain weight following the same treatment period, adds support to the theory that high p.a. temperatures may cause a reduction in mature grain weight as result of decreased pericarp cell wall expansion.
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Project description:High vigor seeds have greater yield potential than those with low vigor; however, long-term storage leads to a decline in this trait. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging conditions using a high-density genetic linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and mine the related candidate genes. A doubled haploid population, derived from a cross between Hanxuan 10 × Lumai 14, was used as the experimental material. Six controlled-environment treatments were set up, i.e. the seeds were aged for 0, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h at a high temperature (48 °C) and under high humidity (relative humidity 100%). Eight traits including seed germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, seedling length, root length, seedling weight, vigor index, and simple vigor index were measured. With the prolongation of artificial aging treatment, these traits showed a continuous downward trend and significant correlations were observed between most of them. A total of 49 additive QTLs for seed vigor-related traits were mapped onto 12 chromosomes (1B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6D, and 7A); and each one accounted for 6.01-17.18% of the phenotypic variations. Twenty-five pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected on all chromosomes, except for 5D, 6A, and 7D, and each epistasis accounted for 7.35-26.06% of the phenotypic variations. Three additive QTL hot spots were found on chromosomes 5A, 5B, and 5D, respectively. 13 QTLs, QGEe5B, QGIe5B, QSLc5B, QSLd5B, QSLf5B, QRLd5B, QRLe5B, QRLf5B, QVId5B, QVIe5B, QVIf5B, QSVId5B, and QSVIe5B, were located in the marker interval AX-94643729 ~ AX-110529646 on 5B and the physical interval 707,412,449-710,959,479 bp. Genes including TRAESCS5B01G564900, TRAESCS5B01G564200, TRAESCS5B01G562600, TraesCS5B02G562700, TRAESCS5B01G561300, TRAESCS5B01G561400, and TRAESCS5B01G562100, located in this marker interval, were found to be involved in regulating the processes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, transcription, and cell division during the germination of aging seeds, thus they were viewed as candidate genes for seed viability-related traits. These findings provide the basis for the seed-based cloning and functional identification of related candidate genes for seed vigor.
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Project description:In order to detect genomic regions with different effects for some of the physiological and biochemical traits of wheat, four experiments were conducted at Research Farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Zabol in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing seasons. The experiments were carried out using four alpha lattice designs with two replications under non-stress and terminal heat stress conditions. Plant materials used in this study included 167 recombinant inbred lines and their parents ('SeriM82' and 'Babax'). Six traits including grain yield (GY), proline content (PRO), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), cytoplasmic membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content (CHL) were evaluated. Genetic linkage map consisted of 211 AFLP marker, 120 SSR marker and 144 DArT markers with 1864 cm length and 4.4 cm mean distance. QTL analysis was carried out using a mixed-model-based composite interval mapping (MCIM) method. By the combined analysis of normal phenotypic values, 27 additive QTLs and five pairs of epistatic effects were identified for studied traits, among which two additive and one epistatic QTL showed significant QTL?×?environment interactions. By the combined analysis of stress phenotypic values, a total of 26 QTLs with additive effects and 5 epistatic QTLs were detected, among which one additive and one epistatic QTL showed QTL?×?environment interactions. Six QTLs with major effects (QGY-2B, QGY-2D, QPro-5B, QWSC-4A, QFv/Fm-6A and QCMS-4B), which were common between two conditions could be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in order to develop heat tolerant and high-performance wheat varieties.
| S-EPMC6214426 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Proteomic approaches were applied in four grain developmental stages of the Chinese bread wheat Yunong 201 and its ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant line Yunong 3114. 2-DE and tandem MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analyzed proteome characteristics during middle and late grain development of the Chinese bread wheat Yunong 201 and its EMS mutant line Yunong 3114 with larger grain sizes. We identified 130 differentially accumulated protein spots representing 88 unique proteins, and four main expression patterns displayed a dynamic description of middle and late grain formation. Those identified protein species participated in eight biochemical processes: stress/defense, carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis/assembly/degradation, storage proteins, energy production and transportation, photosynthesis, transcription/translation, signal transduction. Comparative proteomic characterization demonstrated 12 protein spots that co-accumulated in the two wheat cultivars with different expression patterns, and six cultivar-specific protein spots including serpin, small heat shock protein, ?-amylase, ?-amylase inhibitor, dimeric ?-amylase inhibitor precursor, and cold regulated protein. These cultivar-specific protein spots possibly resulted in differential yield-related traits of the two wheat cultivars. Our results provide valuable information for dissection of molecular and genetics basis of yield-related traits in bread wheat and the proteomic characterization in this study could also provide insights in the biology of middle and late grain development.
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