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Contextual characteristics associated with the perceived neighbourhood scale in a cross-sectional study in a large urban centre in Brazil.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Health outcomes have been associated with physical and social characteristics of neighbourhoods, but little is known about the relationship between contextual factors and perceived neighbourhood scale. OBJECTIVE:To identify the contextual factors associated with self-perceived neighbourhood scale. METHODS:We analysed data from a cross-sectional population-based study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, that took place in 2008-2009. The dependent variable was perceived neighbourhood, encoded as an ordinal scale based on a brief description of the concept of the neighbourhood, and two independent scales relating distance, expressed in terms of geography and time. Street connectivity, demographic density and residents' perceptions of the neighbourhoods' physical and social environment were used as contextual predictors. Individual characteristics were used as covariates. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression models estimated the association between perceived neighbourhood scale and contextual characteristics. RESULTS:Residents that perceive better walkability (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.82) and high amounts of violence (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.62) perceived their neighbourhoods to be larger, even after adjusting for individual characteristics. CONCLUSION:There are contextual factors that are associated with self-perceived neighbourhood scale. Careful definition of neighbourhood scale is a key factor in improving the results of eco-epidemiological studies. Although these findings must be further explored in other studies, these results can contribute to a better understanding of an appropriate choice of neighbourhood scale, especially for cities in Latin America.

SUBMITTER: de Almeida Celio F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6104762 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Contextual characteristics associated with the perceived neighbourhood scale in a cross-sectional study in a large urban centre in Brazil.

de Almeida Célio Fabiano F Friche Amélia Augusta de Lima AAL Jennings M Zane MZ Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza ACS Xavier Cesar Coelho CC Proietti Fernando F Coulton Claudia J CJ Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira WT

BMJ open 20180820 8

<h4>Introduction</h4>Health outcomes have been associated with physical and social characteristics of neighbourhoods, but little is known about the relationship between contextual factors and perceived neighbourhood scale.<h4>Objective</h4>To identify the contextual factors associated with self-perceived neighbourhood scale.<h4>Methods</h4>We analysed data from a cross-sectional population-based study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, that took place in 2008-2009. The dependent variable was perceived n ...[more]

PMID: 30127050

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Research on discrimination and health focused on older adults has been scarce, comparatively with younger and middle-aged adults. Considering where people live matters, accurate measures of perceived discrimination might consider how the place of residence interferes on discriminatory experiences. This study aimed to assess the association between perceived discrimination and urban/rural place of residence among a representative sample of older adults in Brazil. METHODS:Data came from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015/2016, with individuals aged 50 years and older. Perceived Discrimination was measured by means of the following question: "In the past 12 months have you felt a victim of any type of discrimination" with five possible answers: (1)"when you sought medical services or health care?", (2)"in social gatherings?", (3)"in the work place?", (4)"within the family?", (5)"due to where you live?". Participants who answered yes for any of the five domains were coded as having reported an experience of discrimination. The main exposure variable was the urban-rural classification of the households, carried out according to the methods employed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics during the 2010 Population Census. Other covariates included: age, sex, skin color, household wealth and education. Multiple Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence interval for the association between discrimination and independent variables. RESULTS:Prevalence of any perceived discrimination among Brazilian older adults was 16.8%. Regardless the place of residence (either urban or rural), participants reported health care settings as the most common domain where discriminatory experiences occurred and the work place as the least common. According to the adjusted model, perceived discrimination was significantly higher among urban dwellers when compared to their rural counterparts, independent of sociodemographic characteristics, health status and neighborhood social environment. The outcome was significant associated with skin color, education and health status. CONCLUSIONS:Urban environment plays a core role in perceived discrimination and health care settings constitute the most common domain where discriminatory experiences occurred. Our findings may contribute to fulfill the knowledge gap on discrimination among older adults living in developing countries.

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Contextual characteristics associated with the perceived neighbourhood scale in a cross-sectional study in a large urban centre in Brazil.

Publications

Contextual characteristics associated with the perceived neighbourhood scale in a cross-sectional study in a large urban centre in Brazil.

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