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The gender suicide paradox under gender role reversal during industrialisation.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:To test for social structural effects on the gender paradox in suicidal behaviour. METHODS:We analyzed newspaper reports of completed and attempted suicides in the Scottish city of Dundee during the mass movement of women into the paid labour force in the 19th and early 20th Centuries. We calculated rates of suicides per 100,000 of the male and female populations. RESULTS:We found that the female suicide rate dropped during this time period, whereas there was only a significant reduction in attempted suicide amongst men. CONCLUSIONS:Our understanding, and action to prevent, suicide in men and women must take place in the context of our gendered social world.

SUBMITTER: Moore F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6107173 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The gender suicide paradox under gender role reversal during industrialisation.

Moore Fhionna F Taylor Shanice S Beaumont Joanna J Gibson Rachel R Starkey Charlotte C

PloS one 20180823 8

<h4>Objectives</h4>To test for social structural effects on the gender paradox in suicidal behaviour.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed newspaper reports of completed and attempted suicides in the Scottish city of Dundee during the mass movement of women into the paid labour force in the 19th and early 20th Centuries. We calculated rates of suicides per 100,000 of the male and female populations.<h4>Results</h4>We found that the female suicide rate dropped during this time period, whereas there was onl ...[more]

PMID: 30138465

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Project description:DNA methylation has frequently been implicated in sex determination and differentiation in teleost species. In order to detect the DNA methylation patterns established during sexual differentiation in tiger pufferfish T. rubripes, we performed comprehensive whole genome methylation sequencing and analyses of the gonads of male, female, and pseudo male. We obtained a total of 33.12, 32.44, and 31.60 Gb clean data for male, female, and pseudo male, with a sequencing depth of 66.44×, 60.47× and 54.86×, respectively. The methylation level of cytosine (C) residues in the genomic DNA from gonads was 11.016%, 10.428%, and 11.083% in male, female, and pseudo male, respectively. More than 65% of C methylation was at CpG sites, and less than 1% was at CHG and CHH sites. In each regulatory element, there were low methylation levels on both sides of the transcription start site, and higher methylation levels in exons, introns, and downstream of genes. The highest mCpG was on chromosome 8 and the lowest mCpG was on chromosome 5. Comparisons of whole-genome DNA methylation between pairs of samples revealed that there were 3,173 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between female and male, and 3,037 DMRs between male and pseudo male, corresponding to 0.232% and 0.223% of the length of the genome, respectively. There were only 1,635 DMRs between female and pseudo male, representing 0.127% of the length of the genome. A number of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) related to sex determination and differentiation were selected, such as amhr2 and pfcyp19a. After Bisulfite Sequencing PCR (BSP) verification, amhr2 was exhibited low methylation level in normal males and pseudo male, and high methylation level in normal females but pfcyp19a showed low methylation level in normal females and high methylation level in normal males and pseudo males. These results provide information about the molecular epigenetic mechanisms of DNA methylation during low-temperature induced masculinization of tiger pufferfish, and increase our understanding of the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in this important aquaculture fish species.

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The gender suicide paradox under gender role reversal during industrialisation.

Publications

The gender suicide paradox under gender role reversal during industrialisation.

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