Dataset Information

Risk Factors Influencing Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in ALLHAT.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:ALLHAT, a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicenter clinical trial of high risk hypertensive participants, compared treatment with an ACE-inhibitor (lisinopril) or calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) with a diuretic (chlorthalidone). Primary outcome was the occurrence of fatal coronary heart disease or nonfatal myocardial infarction. For this report, post-hoc analyses were conducted to determine the contribution of baseline characteristics of participants with or without baseline or incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) to stroke, heart failure (HF), coronary heart disease (CHD), and mortality outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS:Minnesota Coding of baseline and biennial in-trial ECGs was used to determine the 334 baseline and 537 incident AF/AFL cases, respectively participants with AF/AFL: Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios of presence versus absence of either baseline or incident AF/AFL (as time-dependent covariate) for occurrence of stroke, CHD, HF, or mortality, while adjusting for selected baseline characteristics. Adjusted Cox regression was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) for presence versus absence of selected baseline characteristics among those with and without either baseline or incident AF/AFL. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, baseline AF/AFL was associated with stroke, HF, and mortality (HRs [95% CIs] 3.18, [2.34-4.33]; 2.65 [2.02-3.49]; and 2.10 [CI, 1.73-2.55], respectively, P < 0.05). Incident AF/AFL was a significant risk factor for HF and mortality (HRs 2.80 and 2.06, respectively, P < 0.05). Risk factor profiles for clinical outcomes for those with and without baseline or incident AF/AFL were largely similar. CONCLUSIONS:AF/AFL is a significant risk factor for stroke, HF, and mortality. Additional risk factors for these outcomes were generally similar for participants with and without baseline or incident AF/AFL.

SUBMITTER: Haywood LJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6108439 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Risk Factors Influencing Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in ALLHAT.

Haywood L Julian LJ Davis Barry R BR Piller Linda B LB Simpson Lara M LM Ghosh Alokananda A Einhorn Paula T PT Ford Charles E CE Probstfield Jeffrey L JL Soliman Elsayed Z EZ Wright Jackson T JT

Journal of the National Medical Association 20170724 4

<h4>Background and aims</h4>ALLHAT, a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicenter clinical trial of high risk hypertensive participants, compared treatment with an ACE-inhibitor (lisinopril) or calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) with a diuretic (chlorthalidone). Primary outcome was the occurrence of fatal coronary heart disease or nonfatal myocardial infarction. For this report, post-hoc analyses were conducted to determine the contribution of baseline characteristics of participa ...[more]

PMID: 30126559

Similar Datasets

Project description:Background As risks of repairing the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta diminish, common complications that may prolong hospital stay, or actually increase risk, require attention. One such complication is postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, we characterized prevalence of, risk factors for, and effects of postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF) after descending and thoracoabdominal aorta repair.Methods From January 2000 to January 2011, 696 patients underwent open descending or thoracoabdominal aorta repair at Cleveland Clinic. Operations approached via median sternotomy (n = 178) and patients treated preoperatively for arrhythmias (32 amiodarone, 9 paced) or in AF on preoperative electrocardiogram (n = 14) were excluded, leaving 463. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for PoAF. Temporal relation of PoAF with postoperative morbidities was determined, and outcomes following PoAF were compared between propensity-matched pairs.Results New-onset PoAF occurred in 101 patients (22%) at a median 68 hours of postincision. Risk factors included older age (p = 0.002) and history of remote AF (p = 0.0004) but not operative details, such as pericardiotomy for cardiac cannulation. Hypoperfusion and neurologic complications tended to precede PoAF, whereas sepsis, respiratory failure, and dialysis followed. Among 94 propensity-matched patient pairs, those developing PoAF were more likely to experience hypoperfusion (p = 0.006), respiratory failure (p = 0.009), dialysis (p = 0.04), paralysis (p < 0.0001), longer intensive care unit stay (median 7 vs. 5 d, p = 0.02), and longer postoperative hospital stay (median 15 vs. 13 d, p = 0.004). However, hospital death was similar (6/94 PoAF [6.4%] vs. 7/94 no PoAF [7.4%], p = 0.8).Conclusion PoAF after descending thoracic aorta surgery is relatively common and a part of a constellation of other serious complications prolonging postoperative recovery. While PoAF was associated with adverse events, it did not impact postoperative cost and mortality. Descending thoracic aorta surgery is by itself comorbid enough, which is likely why PoAF does not have a more significant effect on postoperative recovery and cost.

Project description:Atrial fibrillation (AF) has heterogeneous patterns of presentation concerning symptoms, duration of episodes, AF burden, and the tendency to progress towards the terminal step of permanent AF. AF is associated with a risk of stroke/thromboembolism traditionally considered dependent on patient-level risk factors rather than AF type, AF burden, or other characterizations. However, the time spent in AF appears related to an incremental risk of stroke, as suggested by the higher risk of stroke in patients with clinical AF vs. subclinical episodes and in patients with non-paroxysmal AF vs. paroxysmal AF. In patients with device-detected atrial tachyarrhythmias, AF burden is a dynamic process with potential transitions from a lower to a higher maximum daily arrhythmia burden, thus justifying monitoring its temporal evolution. In clinical terms, the appearance of the first episode of AF, the characterization of the arrhythmia in a specific AF type, the progression of AF, and the response to rhythm control therapies, as well as the clinical outcomes, are all conditioned by underlying heart disease, risk factors, and comorbidities. Improved understanding is needed on how to monitor and modulate the effect of factors that condition AF susceptibility and modulate AF-associated outcomes. The increasing use of wearables and apps in practice and clinical research may be useful to predict and quantify AF burden and assess AF susceptibility at the individual patient level. This may help us reveal why AF stops and starts again, or why AF episodes, or burden, cluster. Additionally, whether the distribution of burden is associated with variations in the propensity to thrombosis or other clinical adverse events. Combining the improved methods for data analysis, clinical and translational science could be the basis for the early identification of the subset of patients at risk of progressing to a longer duration/higher burden of AF and the associated adverse outcomes.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to identify modifiable risk factors and estimate the impact of risk factor modification on heart failure (HF) risk in women with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND:Incident HF is the most common nonfatal event in patients with AF, although strategies for HF prevention are lacking. METHODS:We assessed 34,736 participants in the Women's Health Study who were free of prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox models with time-varying assessment of risk factors after AF diagnosis were used to identify significant modifiable risk factors for incident HF. RESULTS:Over a median follow-up of 20.6 years, 1,495 women developed AF without prevalent HF. In multivariable models, new-onset AF was associated with an increased risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR]: 9.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.52 to 10.85). Once women with AF developed HF, all-cause (HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.45) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.70 to 4.85) increased. In time-updated, multivariable models accounting for changes in risk factors after AF diagnosis, systolic blood pressure >120 mm Hg, body mass index ?30 kg/m2, current tobacco use, and diabetes mellitus were each associated with incident HF. The combination of these 4 modifiable risk factors accounted for an estimated 62% (95% CI: 23% to 83%) of the population-attributable risk of HF. Compared with women with 3 or 4 risk factors, those who maintained or achieved optimal risk factor control had a progressive decreased risk of HF (HR for 2 risk factors: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.95; 1 risk factor: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.63; and 0 risk factors: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.29). CONCLUSIONS:In women with new-onset AF, modifiable risk factors including obesity, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes accounted for the majority of the population risk of HF. Optimal levels of modifiable risk factors were associated with decreased HF risk. Prospective assessment of risk factor modification at the time of AF diagnosis may warrant future investigation.

Dataset Information

Risk Factors Influencing Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in ALLHAT.

Publications

Risk Factors Influencing Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in ALLHAT.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets