Dataset Information

First reported occurrence of citrus bent leaf viroid and citrus dwarfing viroid on imported oranges from China and lime fruits from Cambodia.

ABSTRACT: A number of viroids can cause serious damage on Citrus spp. ranging from stunting, bark scaling, yellowing and epinasty of leaves over stem pitting and gumming. However, so far, they have never been found in Thailand. In recent years, the import of orange and lime fruits from China and Cambodia, respectively, increased, and holds a substantial risk of viroid introduction and spread in Thailand. Orange and lime fruit samples in 2013 and 2014 were screened for the presence of citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), hop stunt viroid (HSVd), citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd) and citrus dwarfing viroid (CDVd; CVd-IIId) by means of specific RT-PCR methods. Only CBLVd and CDVd were detected, clearly generating the expected amplification bands of around 320 and 300 base pairs, respectively. The presence of CBLVd and CDVd was confirmed by amplicon sequencing and RNA secondary structure analysis. About 34.2 and 19.5% of 41 samples (around 2300 fruits) of the imported lime fruit were infected with CBLVd and CDVd, respectively. CBLVd was detected in 62.3% of the 77 samples (around 2000 fruits) from imported oranges, while CDVd was found in 75.3%. This result indicates that the incidence of both CBLVd and CDVd in the imported citrus fruits is quite high. In addition, both viroid diseases have not been reported in Thailand. However, lack of information on the actual status of both viroids leads to difficulties in determining their impact on the Thai citrus industry.

SUBMITTER: Tangkanchanapas P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6111963 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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First reported occurrence of citrus bent leaf viroid and citrus dwarfing viroid on imported oranges from China and lime fruits from Cambodia.

Tangkanchanapas Parichate P Tangkanchanapas Parichate P Juenak Hathairat H De Jonghe Kris K

Virusdisease 20180629 3

A number of viroids can cause serious damage on <i>Citrus</i> spp. ranging from stunting, bark scaling, yellowing and epinasty of leaves over stem pitting and gumming. However, so far, they have never been found in Thailand. In recent years, the import of orange and lime fruits from China and Cambodia, respectively, increased, and holds a substantial risk of viroid introduction and spread in Thailand. Orange and lime fruit samples in 2013 and 2014 were screened for the presence of citrus exocort ...[more]

PMID: 30159382

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Project description:Two citrus viroids, Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), have been reported and become potential threats to the citrus industry in Taiwan. The distributions and infection rates of two viroids have not been investigated since the two diseases were presented decades ago. The genetic diversities and evolutionary relationships of two viroids also remain unclear in the mix citrus planted region.Multiplex RT-PCR was used to detect the two viroids for the first time in seven main cultivars of citrus. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR quantified the distributions of two viroids in four citrus tissues. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the ClustalW and MEGA6 (neighbor-joining with p-distance model), respectively.HSVd was found more prevalent than CEVd (32.2% vs. 30.4%). Both CEVd and HSVd were commonly found simultaneously in the different citrus cultivars (up to 55%). Results of the multiplex quantitative analysis suggested that uneven distributions of both viroids with twig bark as the most appropriate material for studies involving viroid sampling such as quarantine inspection. Sequence alignment against Taiwanese isolates, along with analysis of secondary structure, revealed the existence of 10 and 5 major mutation sites in CEVd and HSVd, respectively. The mutation sites in CEVd were located at both ends of terminal and variability domains, whereas those in HSVd were situated in left terminal and pathogenicity domains. A phylogenetic analysis incorporating worldwide viroid isolates indicated three and two clusters for the Taiwanese isolates of CEVd and HSVd, respectively.Moderately high infection and co-infection rates of two viroids in certain citrus cultivars suggest that different citrus cultivars may play important roles in viroid infection and evolution. These data also demonstrate that two multiplex molecular detection methods developed in the present study provide powerful tools to understand the genetic diversities among viroid isolates and quantify viroids in citrus host. Our field survey can help clarify citrus-viroid relationships as well as develop proper prevention strategies.

Dataset Information

First reported occurrence of citrus bent leaf viroid and citrus dwarfing viroid on imported oranges from China and lime fruits from Cambodia.

Publications

First reported occurrence of citrus bent leaf viroid and citrus dwarfing viroid on imported oranges from China and lime fruits from Cambodia.

Similar Datasets

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