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Outdoor Temperature Influences Cold Induced Thermogenesis in Humans.

ABSTRACT: Objective: Energy expenditure (EE) increases in response to cold exposure, which is called cold induced thermogenesis (CIT). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been shown to contribute significantly to CIT in human adults. BAT activity and CIT are acutely influenced by ambient temperature. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effect of seasonal temperature variation on human CIT. Materials and Methods: We measured CIT in 56 healthy volunteers by indirect calorimetry. CIT was determined as difference between EE during warm conditions (EEwarm) and after a defined cold stimulus (EEcold). We recorded skin temperatures at eleven anatomically predefined locations, including the supraclavicular region, which is adjacent to the main human BAT depot. We analyzed the relation of EE, CIT and skin temperatures to the daily minimum, maximum and mean outdoor temperature averaged over 7 or 30 days, respectively, prior to the corresponding study visit by linear regression. Results: We observed a significant inverse correlation between outdoor temperatures and EEcold and CIT, respectively, while EEwarm was not influenced. The daily maximum temperature averaged over 7 days correlated best with EEcold (R2 = 0.123, p = 0.008) and CIT (R2 = 0.200, p = 0.0005). The mean skin temperatures before and after cold exposure were not related to outdoor temperatures. However, the difference between supraclavicular and parasternal skin temperature after cold exposure was inversely related to the average maximum temperature during the preceding 7 days (R2 = 0.07575, p = 0.0221). Conclusion: CIT is significantly related to outdoor temperatures indicating dynamic adaption of thermogenesis and BAT activity to environmental stimuli in adult humans. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT02682706.

SUBMITTER: Senn JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6115528 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Outdoor Temperature Influences Cold Induced Thermogenesis in Humans.

Senn Jaël R JR Maushart Claudia I CI Gashi Gani G Michel Regina R Lalive d'Epinay Murielle M Vogt Roland R Becker Anton S AS Müller Julian J Baláz Miroslav M Wolfrum Christian C Burger Irene A IA Betz Matthias J MJ

Frontiers in physiology 20180823

<b>Objective:</b> Energy expenditure (EE) increases in response to cold exposure, which is called cold induced thermogenesis (CIT). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been shown to contribute significantly to CIT in human adults. BAT activity and CIT are acutely influenced by ambient temperature. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effect of seasonal temperature variation on human CIT. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> We measured CIT in 56 healthy volunteers by indirect calorimetry. CIT ...[more]

PMID: 30190681

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Project description:ContextThe contribution of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to the energy balance in humans exposed to sustainable cold has not been completely established, partially because of measurement limitations of both BAT activity and energy expenditure (EE).ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to characterize the role of BAT activation in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT).DesignThis study was a single-blind, randomized crossover intervention.SettingThe study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.Study participantsThirty-one healthy volunteers participated in the study.InterventionsThe intervention included mild cold exposure.Main outcomesCIT and BAT activation were the main outcomes in this study.MethodsOvernight EE measurement by whole-room indirect calorimeter at 24 °C or 19 °C was followed by 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan. After 36 hours, volunteers crossed over to the alternate study temperature under identical conditions. BAT activity was measured in a 3-dimensional region of interest in the upper torso by comparing the uptake at the two temperatures.ResultsTwenty-four volunteers (14 males, 10 females) had a complete data set. When compared with 24 °C, exposure at 19 °C resulted in increased EE (5.3 ± 5.9%, P < .001), indicating CIT response and mean BAT activity (10.5 ± 11.1%, P < .001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that a difference in BAT activity (P < .001), age (P = .01), and gender (P = .037) were independent contributors to individual variability of CIT.ConclusionsA small reduction in ambient temperature, within the range of climate-controlled buildings, is sufficient to increase human BAT activity, which correlates with individual CIT response. This study uncovers for the first time a spectrum of BAT activation among healthy adults during mild cold exposure not previously recognized by conventional PET and PET-computed tomography methods. The enhancement of cold-induced BAT stimulation may represent a novel environmental strategy in obesity treatment.

Dataset Information

Outdoor Temperature Influences Cold Induced Thermogenesis in Humans.

Publications

Outdoor Temperature Influences Cold Induced Thermogenesis in Humans.

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