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Metabolic Syndrome During Perinatal Period in Sows and the Link With Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.

ABSTRACT: In humans, the metabolic and immune changes occurring during perinatal period also describe metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota can cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome in pregnant women. Increased gut permeability is also involved in metabolic disorders in non-pregnant hosts. However, longitudinal studies investigating the changes in metabolic characteristics, gut microbiota, and gut permeability of sows throughout pregnancy and lactation are lacking. The correlation between gut microbiota and metabolic status of sows is also poorly known. The present study was conducted to investigate the temporal variations in sow metabolic characteristics, gut microbiota, gut permeability, and gut inflammation at days 30 (G30) and 109 (G109) of gestation and days 3 (L3) and 14 (L14) of lactation. Results showed that insulin sensitivity was decreased in L3. Circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 increased in G109 and L3. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region showed that gut microbiota changed dramatically across different reproductive stages. The bacterial abundance and alpha diversity in L3 were the lowest. The phyla Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria exhibited the highest relative abundance in L3. Among the genera, Bacteroides, Escherichia_Shigella, and Fusobacterium were highest, but Oscillospira the lowest, in relative abundance in L3. The fecal levels of acetate and total short-chain fatty acids were increased in G109, but fecal butyrate concentrations were markedly decreased in L3. The plasma zonulin concentrations, a biomarker for gut permeability, were increased in G109 and L3. The plasma endotoxin concentrations were increased in L3. Furthermore, levels of fecal lipocalin-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-? were increased in G109 and L3. In contrast, fecal levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were significantly decreased in G109 and L3. Additionally, the increased relative abundances of Fusobacterium in L3 were positively correlated with plasma zonulin and fecal endotoxin but negatively correlated with fecal IL-10. These findings indicate that the mother sow exhibits a metabolic syndrome and dramatical changes in gut microbiota during perinatal period, especially in early lactation. Besides, increased gut permeability and plasma endotoxin concentrations caused by negative microbial changes would possibly be the potential mechanisms under which sow's metabolic disorders and inflammatory status were exacerbated during early lactation.

SUBMITTER: Cheng C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6117386 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metabolic Syndrome During Perinatal Period in Sows and the Link With Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.

Cheng Chuanshang C Wei Hongkui H Yu Huichao H Xu Chuanhui C Jiang Siwen S Peng Jian J

Frontiers in microbiology 20180824

In humans, the metabolic and immune changes occurring during perinatal period also describe metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota can cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome in pregnant women. Increased gut permeability is also involved in metabolic disorders in non-pregnant hosts. However, longitudinal studies investigating the changes in metabolic characteristics, gut microbiota, and gut permeability of sows throughout pregnancy and lactation are lacking. The correlation between gut microbiota and m ...[more]

PMID: 30197635

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Project description:The experiment was conducted to compare the differences of gut microbiota and metabolic status of sows with different litter sizes on days 30 and 110 of gestation, and uncover the relationship between the composition of maternal gut microbiota during gestation and sow reproductive performance. Twenty-six Large White × Landrace crossbred multiparous sows (2nd parity) with similar back fat thickness and body weight were assigned to two groups [high-reproductive performance group (HP group) and low-reproductive performance group (LP group)] according to their litter sizes and fed a common gestation diet. Results showed that compared with LP sows, HP sows had significantly lower plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) on gestation d 30 (P < 0.05), but had significantly higher plasma levels of TG, non-esterified fatty acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, and immunoglobulin M on gestation d 110 (P < 0.05). Consistently, HP sows revealed increased alpha diversity and butyrate-producing genera, as well as fecal butyrate concentration, on gestation d 30; HP sows showed significantly different microbiota community structure with LP sows (P < 0.05) and had markedly higher abundance of Firmicutes (genera Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Terrisporobacter) which were positively related with litter size on gestation d 110 than LP sows (P < 0.05). In addition, plasma biochemical parameters, plasma cytokines, and fecal microbiota shifted dramatically from gestation d 30 to d 110. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that microbial abundances and community structures differed significantly between sows with different litter sizes and gestation stages, which was associated with changes in plasma biochemical parameters, inflammatory factors, and immunoglobulin. Moreover, these findings revealed that there was a significant correlation between litter size and gut microbiota of sows, and provided a microbial perspective to improve sow reproductive performance in pig production.

Project description:The maternal intestinal microbial community changes dramatically during pregnancy and plays an important role in animal growth, metabolism, immunity and reproduction. However, our understanding of microbiota compositional dynamics during the whole pregnancy period in donkey is incomplete. This study was carried out to evaluate gut microbiota alterations as well as the correlation with serum biochemical indices, comparing pregnant donkeys to non-pregnant donkeys. A total of 18 pregnant (including EP, early-stage pregnancy; MP, middle-stage pregnancy and LP, late-stage pregnancy) and six non-pregnant (C as a control) donkey blood samples and rectum contents were collected. The results showed that pregnant donkeys had higher microbial richness than non-pregnant donkeys and that the lowest microbial diversity occurred at the EP period. Moreover, the relative abundances of the families Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae were significantly higher in the EP group (p < 0.05) than that in the C and MP groups, while the relative abundances of the families Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae were significantly lower in the EP group (p < 0.05) than that in the C group. The predicted microbial gene functions related to the inflammatory response and apoptosis, such as Staphylococcus aureus infection, the RIG-1-like receptor signaling pathway and apoptosis, were mainly enriched in EP. Furthermore, pregnant donkeys had higher glucose levels than non-pregnant donkeys, especially at EP period. EP donkeys had lower triglyceride, total protein and albumin levels but higher malondialdehyde, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels than those in the C and MP groups. Additionally, there were strong correlations between inflammatory cytokine levels and the relative abundances of genera belonging to the Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae families. This is the first comparative study performed in donkeys that indicates that pregnancy status (especially in the early pregnancy period) alters the gut microbiota composition, which was correlated with serum biochemical parameters. These results could provide useful information for improving the reproductive management in Dezhou donkeys.

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Dataset Information

Metabolic Syndrome During Perinatal Period in Sows and the Link With Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.

Publications

Metabolic Syndrome During Perinatal Period in Sows and the Link With Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.

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