Dataset Information

Long-Term Ambient Temperature and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents.

ABSTRACT: The climate-violence relationship has been debated for decades, and yet most of the supportive evidence has come from ecological or cross-sectional analyses with very limited long-term exposure data. We conducted an individual-level, longitudinal study to investigate the association between ambient temperature and externalizing behaviors of urban-dwelling adolescents. Participants (n = 1,287) in the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior Study, in California, were examined during 2000-2012 (aged 9-18 years) with repeated assessments of their externalizing behaviors (e.g., aggression, delinquency). Ambient temperature data were obtained from the local meteorological information system. In adjusted multilevel models, aggressive behaviors significantly increased with rising average temperatures (per 1°C increment) in the preceding 1, 2, or 3 years (respectively, ? = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00, 0.46; ? = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.63; or ? = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.74), equivalent to 1.5-3.0 years of delay in age-related behavioral maturation. These associations were slightly stronger among girls and families of lower socioeconomic status but greatly diminished in neighborhoods with more green space. No significant associations were found with delinquency. Our study provides the first individual-level epidemiologic evidence supporting the adverse association of long-term ambient temperature and aggression. Similar approaches to studying meteorology and violent crime might further inform scientific debates on climate change and collective violence.

SUBMITTER: Younan D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6118062 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Long-Term Ambient Temperature and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents.

Younan Diana D Li Lianfa L Tuvblad Catherine C Wu Jun J Lurmann Fred F Franklin Meredith M Berhane Kiros K McConnell Rob R Wu Anna H AH Baker Laura A LA Chen Jiu-Chiuan JC

American journal of epidemiology 20180901 9

The climate-violence relationship has been debated for decades, and yet most of the supportive evidence has come from ecological or cross-sectional analyses with very limited long-term exposure data. We conducted an individual-level, longitudinal study to investigate the association between ambient temperature and externalizing behaviors of urban-dwelling adolescents. Participants (n = 1,287) in the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior Study, in California, were examined during 2000-2012 (aged 9 ...[more]

PMID: 29788079

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Project description:Rationalepopulation-based studies have demonstrated associations between ambient air pollution exposures and mortality, but few have been able to adjust for occupational exposures. Additionally, two studies have observed higher risks in individuals with occupational dust, gas, or fume exposure.Objectiveswe examined the association of ambient residential exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microm in diameter (PM(10)), particulate matter less than 2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5)), NO(2), SO(2), and mortality in 53,814 men in the U.S. trucking industry.Methodsexposures for PM(10), NO(2), and SO(2) at each residential address were assigned using models combining spatial smoothing and geographic covariates. PM(2.5) exposures in 2000 were assigned from the nearest available monitor. Single and multipollutant Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of an interquartile range (IQR) change (6 microg/m(3) for PM(10), 4 microg/m(3) for PM(2.5), 4ppb for SO(2), and 8ppb for NO(2)) and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Measurements and main resultsan IQR change in ambient residential exposures to PM(10) was associated with a 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-7.7%) increased risk of all-cause mortality. The increase for an IQR change in SO(2) was 6.9% (95% CI, 2.3-11.6%), for NO(2) was 8.2% (95% CI, 4.5-12.1%), and for PM(2.5) was 3.9% (95% CI, 1.0-6.9%). Elevated associations with cause-specific mortality (lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease) were observed for PM(2.5), SO(2), and NO(2), but not PM(10). None of the pollutants were confounded by occupational exposures. In multipollutant models, overall, the associations were attenuated, most strongly for PM(10). In sensitivity analyses excluding long-haul drivers, who spend days away from home, larger hazard ratios were observed.Conclusionsin this population of men, residential ambient air pollution exposures were associated with mortality.

Project description:BackgroundClimate change is increasing global average temperatures, as well as the frequency of extreme weather events. Both low and high ambient temperatures have been associated with elevated mortality; however, little is known about the cardiovascular impacts of hourly temperature.MethodsWe assessed the association between hourly ambient temperature and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) across adult residents of New York State (NYS). We identified cases across NYS hospitals from 2000 to 2015 in the New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System dataset, using ICD codes. Hourly ambient temperature was assessed at each patient's residential ZIP code, up to 48 hours prior to MI. We employed a time-stratified case-crossover study design matching case to control periods on hour of day, day of week, month and year.ResultsOf the 791,695 primary MI hospital admissions, 45% were female, the mean (standard deviation; SD) age was 70 (15) years, and 49% of cases occurred among New York City residents. The observed temperature range was -29 °C to 39 °C, with a mean of 10.8 °C (10.5 °C). Temperature in the 6 h preceding the MI was positively associated with risk of MI, across the range of observed temperatures, with null or nearly null associations for earlier hours. We estimated a cumulative percent increase in hourly myocardial infarction rate of 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.2%, 10.6%) for an 11 °C (median) to 27 °C (95th percentile) temperature increase for lag hours 0-5. Men, Medicare-ineligible individuals (age < 65), and those experiencing their first MI were most sensitive.ConclusionOur study provides evidence that increases in hourly ambient temperature can trigger myocardial infarction. Health-based definitions of extreme heat events may better capture the deleterious effects of heat by accounting for hourly temperature. Our findings can inform the design of more effective preparedness strategies for the increasingly frequent extreme heat events.

Project description:BackgroundAir pollution has been linked to obesity while higher ambient temperatures typically reduce metabolic demand in a compensatory manner. Both relationships may impact glucose metabolism, thus we examined the association between intermediate- and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ambient temperature and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), a longer-term marker of glucose control.MethodsWe assessed 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month average air pollution and ambient temperature at 1-km2 spatial resolution via satellite remote sensing models (2013-2019), and assessed HbA1c at four, six, and eight years postpartum in women enrolled in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) cohort based in Mexico City. PM2.5 and ambient temperature were matched to participants' addresses and confirmed by GPS tracker. Using linear mixed-effects models, we examined the association between 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month average PM2.5 and ambient temperature with repeated log-transformed HbA1c values. All models included a random intercept for each woman and were adjusted for calendar year, season, and individual-level confounders (age, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption level, and education level).ResultsWe analyzed 1,265 HbA1c measurements of 484 women. Per 1 µg/m3 increase in 3-month and 6-month PM2.5, HbA1c levels increased by 0.28% (95% confidence interval (95 %CI): 0.14, 0.42%) and 0.28% (95 %CI: 0.04, 0.52%) respectively. No association was seen for 12-month average PM2.5. Per 1 °C increase in ambient temperature, HbA1c levels decreased by 0.63% (95 %CI: -1.06, -0.21%) and 0.61% (95 %CI: -1.08, -0.13%), while the 12-month average again is not associated with HbA1c.ConclusionsIntermediate-term exposure to PM2.5 and ambient temperature are associated with opposing changes in HbA1c levels, in this region of high PM2.5 and moderate temperature fluctuation. These effects, measurable in mid-adult life, may portend future risk of type 2 diabetes and possible heart disease.

Dataset Information

Long-Term Ambient Temperature and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents.

Publications

Long-Term Ambient Temperature and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents.

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