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The effects of mid- and long-term endurance exercise on heart angiogenesis and oxidative stress.

ABSTRACT: Objectives:Long-term, irregular endurance exercise may result in disturbance to the angiogenesis of heart muscles and blood supply. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of mid- and long-term endurance exercise on the process of angiogenesis. Materials and Methods:Eighteen male Wister rats of 220±10 g, were randomly assigned to three groups of 6 rats including: Control, Mid, and Long Group. After the training sessions, the rats were weighed and sacrificed. Results:In comparison to the Control Group, the both groups, indicated remarkable increase in the weight of heart and significantly higher serum LDH and CK activity (P<0.01). In addition, after the training sessions, weakened antioxidant heart system (TAC, total thiol groups, and GPX activity) and increased oxidative stress markers (MDA and NO) were remarkably observed in Mid Group and particularly in those in the Long Group in comparison to the Control Group (P<0.05). Finally, significant increase in VEGF-B, MEF-2C and MMP-2 gene expression was found for both experimental groups, associated with the up-regulation of ANGPT-1 and HDAC4 in the Mid Group (P<0.05). While the longer exercise period induced significantly upper VEGF-B, MEF-2C, and MMP-2 and significantly lower ANGPT-1 and HDAC4 in the Long Group (P<0.05). Conclusion:In this study, higher oxidative status and upper angiogenic gene expression with higher VEGF-B, MEF-2c, and MMP-2 and lower ANGPT-1 and HDAC4 were traced as effects of long-term endurance exercise. These results point to the dis-regulation of blood supply in the presence of angiogenesis resulting from long-term exercise.

SUBMITTER: Ardakanizade M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6118080 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effects of mid- and long-term endurance exercise on heart angiogenesis and oxidative stress.

Ardakanizade Malihe M

Iranian journal of basic medical sciences 20180801 8

<h4>Objectives</h4>Long-term, irregular endurance exercise may result in disturbance to the angiogenesis of heart muscles and blood supply. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of mid- and long-term endurance exercise on the process of angiogenesis.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Eighteen male Wister rats of 220±10 g, were randomly assigned to three groups of 6 rats including: Control, Mid, and Long Group. After the training sessions, the rats were weighed and sacrificed.<h4>Res ...[more]

PMID: 30186566

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Project description:Background and aimsFetal undernutrition is a risk factor for heart disease in both genders, despite the protection of women against hypertension development. Using a rat model of maternal undernutrition (MUN) we aimed to assess possible sex differences in the development of cardiac alterations and the implication of hypertension and cardiac oxidative stress.MethodsMale and female offspring from rats fed ad libitum (control) or with 50% of the normal daily intake during the second half of gestation (MUN) were used. Heart weight/body weight ratio (HW/BW), hemodynamic parameters (anaesthetized rats) and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP, ELISA) were assessed in 21-day, 6-month and 22-month old rats. Plasma testosterone (ELISA) and cardiac protein expression of enzymes related to reactive oxygen species synthesis (p22phox, xanthine-oxidase) and degradation (catalase, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, Ec-SOD) were evaluated in 21-day and 6-month old rats (Western Blot). Heart structure and function was studied at the age of 22 months (echocardiography).ResultsAt the age of 21 days MUN males exhibited significantly larger HW/BW and cardiac p22phox expression while females had reduced p22phox expression, compared to their respective sex-matched controls. At the age of 6-months, MUN males showed significantly larger blood pressure and cardiac xanthine-oxidase expression; MUN females were normotensive and had a lower cardiac expression of antioxidant enzymes, compared to their respective sex-matched controls. At the age of 22 months, both MUN males and females showed larger HW/BW and left ventricular mass and lower ejection fraction compared to sex-matched controls; only MUN males exhibited hypertension and a larger plasma BNP compared to aged male controls.Conclusions1) During perinatal life females exposed to fetal undernutrition are protected from cardiac alterations, but in ageing they exhibit ventricular hypertrophy and functional loss, like MUN males; 2) cardiac oxidative stress might be implicated in the observed heart alterations in both sexes and 3) the severity of cardiac damage might be greater in males due to hypertension.

Project description:Background: We tested the effect of weight loss on circulating levels of the angiogenic factors VEGF and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in postmenopausal overweight/obese women, 18 months after completing a year-long 4-arm randomized controlled trial of behavioral weight loss and/or exercise versus control (i.e., 30 months postrandomization).Methods: The 439 overweight/obese, postmenopausal women, ages 50 to 75 years, were randomized to: diet (goal: 10% weight loss, N = 118), exercise (225 min/wk moderate-to-vigorous activity, N = 117), diet + exercise (N = 117), or control (N = 87). At 12 months, 399 women gave a blood sample; 156 returned at 30 months. Biomarkers were measured by immunoassay. Changes were compared using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for baseline BMI, age, and race/ethnicity.Results: Participants randomized to diet, exercise, and diet + exercise arms had greater reductions in VEGF at 30 months (-14.1% P = 0.02; -19.7% P = 0.003; -14.5% P = 0.002, respectively) versus controls (-4.5%). There were no statistically significant changes in PEDF in any intervention arm. Participants maintaining ?10% of baseline weight loss at 30 months had greater reductions in VEGF versus those who gained weight/had no weight change (-22.3% vs. -10.2% respectively, P = 0.002). Participants maintaining any weight loss had significantly lower levels of PEDF at 30 months versus those who gained weight/no weight change.Conclusions: Sustained weight loss via diet and/or exercise results in reductions in angiogenic factors, and can be maintained up to 30-month follow-up. Limitations include relatively small numbers, and possible bias toward more successful weight loss among women who returned at 30 months.Impact: Maintaining weight loss can achieve long-term reductions in biomarkers of angiogenesis that can persist up to 18 months after completion of a weight loss intervention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1788-94. ©2017 AACR.

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Project description:Low-osmolality carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (LCS) ingestion can replace losses from exercise-induced dehydration, but the benefits of LCS ingestion strategy after exhaustive endurance exercise (EEE) remain unknown. The present study evaluated the effects of LCS ingestion on dehydration, oxidative stress, renal function, and aerobic capacity after EEE. In our study with its double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced design, 12 healthy male participants were asked to consume LCS (150 mL four times per hour) or placebo (water) 1 h before and 1 h after EEE. All participants completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill for the determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), applied to further intensity calibration, and then completed the EEE test. The average heart rate, maximal heart rate, running time to exhaustion, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were recorded during the exercise period. The participants' body weight was recorded at different time points before and after the EEE to calculate the dehydration rate. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and before, immediately after, 1 h after, and 2 h after EEE to determine indicators of oxidative stress and renal function. The results indicated that the dehydration rates in participants with LCS ingestion at 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min after EEE were significantly lower than in participants with placebo ingestion (-1.86 ± 0.47% vs. -2.24 ± 0.72%; -1.78 ± 0.50% vs. -2.13 ± 0.74%; -1.54 ± 0.51% vs. -1.94 ± 0.72%, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, the concentration of catalase in participants with LCS ingestion immediately after EEE was significantly higher than in participants with placebo ingestion (2046.21 ± 381.98 nmol/min/mL vs. 1820.37 ± 417.35 nmol/min/mL; p < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of protein carbonyl in participants with LCS ingestion immediately after EEE was slightly lower than in participants with placebo ingestion (2.72 ± 0.31 nmol carbonyl/mg protein vs. 2.89 ± 0.43 nmol carbonyl/mg protein; p = 0.06). No differences were noted for other variables. Our findings conclude that LCS ingestion can effectively avoid fluid loss and oxidative stress after EEE. However, LCS ingestion had no benefits for renal function or aerobic capacity.

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The effects of mid- and long-term endurance exercise on heart angiogenesis and oxidative stress.

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The effects of mid- and long-term endurance exercise on heart angiogenesis and oxidative stress.

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