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A Connectome-wide Functional Signature of Transdiagnostic Risk for Mental Illness.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:High rates of comorbidity, shared risk, and overlapping therapeutic mechanisms have led psychopathology research toward transdiagnostic dimensional investigations of clustered symptoms. One influential framework accounts for these transdiagnostic phenomena through a single general factor, sometimes referred to as the p factor, associated with risk for all common forms of mental illness. METHODS:We build on previous research identifying unique structural neural correlates of the p factor by conducting a data-driven analysis of connectome-wide intrinsic functional connectivity (n = 605). RESULTS:We demonstrate that higher p factor scores and associated risk for common mental illness maps onto hyperconnectivity between visual association cortex and both frontoparietal and default mode networks. CONCLUSIONS:These results provide initial evidence that the transdiagnostic risk for common forms of mental illness is associated with patterns of inefficient connectome-wide intrinsic connectivity between visual association cortex and networks supporting executive control and self-referential processes, networks that are often impaired across categorical disorders.

SUBMITTER: Elliott ML

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6119080 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Connectome-wide Functional Signature of Transdiagnostic Risk for Mental Illness.

Elliott Maxwell L ML Romer Adrienne A Knodt Annchen R AR Hariri Ahmad R AR

Biological psychiatry 20180410 6

<h4>Background</h4>High rates of comorbidity, shared risk, and overlapping therapeutic mechanisms have led psychopathology research toward transdiagnostic dimensional investigations of clustered symptoms. One influential framework accounts for these transdiagnostic phenomena through a single general factor, sometimes referred to as the p factor, associated with risk for all common forms of mental illness.<h4>Methods</h4>We build on previous research identifying unique structural neural correlate ...[more]

PMID: 29779670

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Project description:Intact cognitive control or executive function has characteristic patterns in both behavior and functional neurocircuitry. Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that a frontal-cingulate-parietal-insular (i.e., "multiple demand") network forms a common functional substrate undergirding successful adaptation to diverse cognitive processing demands. Separate work on intact neurocognitive performance implicates a higher order factor that largely explains performance across domains and may reflect trait cognitive control capacity. In the current review we highlight findings from respective psychiatric disorders (i.e., psychotic, bipolar and unipolar depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders) suggesting that cognitive control perturbations amidst psychopathology are most pronounced within these common brain and behavioral indices of adaptive cognitive functioning and moreover, are evident across disorders (i.e., transdiagnostically). Specifically, within each of the disorder classes impairments are consistent in the multiple demand network across a wide range of cognitive tasks. While severity varies between disorders, broad as opposed to domain-specific impairments consistently emerge in neurocognitive performance. Accumulating findings have revealed that phenotypically diverse psychiatric disorders share a common factor or vulnerability to dysfunction that is in turn related to broad neurocognitive deficits. Furthermore, we have observed that regions of the multiple demand network, which overlap with the salience network (dorsal anterior cingulate and bilateral anterior insula) are characterized by reduced gray matter transdiagnostically and predict weaker neurocognitive performance. In summary, transdiagnostic (as opposed to disorder-specific) patterns of symptomatic distress and neurocognitive performance deficits, concurrent with parallel anomalies of brain structure and function may largely contribute to the real-world socio-occupational impairment common across disorders.

Dataset Information

A Connectome-wide Functional Signature of Transdiagnostic Risk for Mental Illness.

Publications

A Connectome-wide Functional Signature of Transdiagnostic Risk for Mental Illness.

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