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Multimodal Imaging of Pathologic Response to Chemoradiation in Esophageal Cancer.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:To examine the value of early changes in quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for discriminating complete pathologic response (pCR) to chemoradiation in esophageal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS:Twenty esophageal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation followed by surgery were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and FDG-PET/CT scans at baseline, interim (2 weeks after chemoradiation start), and first follow-up. On the basis of pathologic findings at surgery, patients were categorized into tumor regression groups (TRG1, TRG2, and TRG3+). Distributions of summary statistics in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and FDG-PET at baseline and relative changes at interim and follow-up scans were compared between pCR/TRG1 and non-pCR/TRG2+ groups and across readers. Receiver operating characteristics were evaluated for summary measures to characterize discrimination of pCR from non-pCR. RESULTS:Relative changes in tumor volume ADC (?ADC) mean and 25th and 10th percentiles from baseline to interim were able to completely discriminate (area under the curve = 1, P < .0011) between pCR and non-pCR (thresholds = 27.7%, 29.2%, and 32.1%, respectively) and were found to have high interreader reliability (95% limits of agreement of 1.001, 0.944, and 0.940, respectively). Relative change in total lesion glycolysis (TLG) from baseline to interim was significantly different among pCR and non-pCR groups (P=.0117) and yielded an area under the curve of 0.947 (95% confidence interval 0.8505-1.043). An optimal threshold of 59% decrease in TLG provided optimal sensitivity (specificity) of 1.000 (0.867). Changes in ADC summary measures were negatively correlated with that of TLG (Spearman, -0.495, P=.027). CONCLUSIONS:Quantitative volume ?ADC and TLG during treatment may serve as early imaging biomarkers for discriminating pathologic response to chemoradiation in esophageal cancer. Validation of these data in larger, prospective, multicenter studies is essential.

SUBMITTER: Fang P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6119639 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multimodal Imaging of Pathologic Response to Chemoradiation in Esophageal Cancer.

Fang Penny P Musall Benjamin C BC Son Jong Bum JB Moreno Amy C AC Hobbs Brian P BP Carter Brett W BW Fellman Bryan M BM Mawlawi Osama O Ma Jingfei J Lin Steven H SH

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 20180302 4

<h4>Purpose</h4>To examine the value of early changes in quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging and <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for discriminating complete pathologic response (pCR) to chemoradiation in esophageal cancer.<h4>Methods and materials</h4>Twenty esophageal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation followed by surgery were prospectively enrolled. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and FDG-PET/CT scans at ...[more]

PMID: 29685377

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Project description:Introduction/Background: Multimodal neoadjuvant therapy has resulted in increased rates of histologic response in pancreatic tumors and adjacent lymph nodes. The biologic significance of the collective response in the primary tumor and lymph nodes is not understood. Methods: Patients with localized PC who received neoadjuvant therapy and surgery with histologic assessment of the primary tumor and local-regional lymph nodes were included. Histopathologic response was classified using the modified Ryan score as follows: no viable cancer cells (CR), rare groups of cancer cells (nCR), residual cancer with evident tumor regression (PR), and extensive residual cancer with no evident tumor regression (NR). Nodal status was defined by number of lymph nodes (LN) with tumor metastases: N0 (0 LN), N1 (1-3), N2 (?4). Results: Of 341 patients with localized PC who received neoadjuvant therapy and surgery, 107 (31%) received chemoradiation alone, 44 (13%) received chemotherapy alone, and 190 (56%) received chemotherapy and chemoradiation. Histopathologic response consisted of 15 (4%) CRs, 59 (17%) nCRs, 188 (55%) PRs, and 79 (23%) NRs. Patients who received chemotherapy alone had the worst responses (n = 21 for NR, 48%) as compared to patients who received chemoradiation alone (n = 25 for NR, 24%) or patients who received both therapies (n = 33 for NR, 17%) (Table 1; p = 0.001). Median overall survival for all 341 patients was 39 months; OS by histopathologic subtype was not reached (CR), 49 months (nCR), 38 months (PR), and 34 months (NR), respectively (p = 0.004). Of the 341 patients, 208 (61%) had N0 disease, 97 (28%) had N1 disease, and 36 (11%) had N2 disease. In an adjusted hazards model, modified Ryan score of PR or NR (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.15-2.54; p = 0.008) and N1 (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.1.02-2.01; p = 0.04), or N2 disease (HR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.64-3.93; p < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of death. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone is associated with lower rates of pathologic response. Patients with CR or nCR have a significantly improved OS as compared to patients with PR or NR. Nodal status is the most important pathologic prognostic factor. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation may be an important driver of pathologic response.

Project description:Many patients with rectal cancer undergo preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation, with approximately 70% exhibiting pathologic downstaging in response to treatment. Currently, there is no accurate test to predict patients who are likely to be complete responders to therapy. 5-Fluorouracil is used regularly in the neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer. Genetic polymorphisms affect the activity of thymidylate synthase, an enzyme involved in 5-Fluorouracil metabolism, which may account for observed differences in response to neoadjuvant treatment between patients. Detection of genetic polymorphisms might identify patients who are likely to have a complete response to neoadjuvant therapy and perhaps allow them to avoid operation.DNA was isolated from whole blood taken from patients with newly diagnosed rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy (n = 50). Response to therapy was calculated with a tumor regression score based on histology from the time of operation. Polymerase chain reaction was performed targeting the promoter region of thymidylate synthase. Polymerase chain reaction products were separated using electrophoresis to determine whether patients were homozygous for a double-tandem repeat (2R), a triple-tandem repeat (3R), or were heterozygous (2R/3R). A single nucleotide polymorphism, 3G or 3C, also may be present in the second repeat unit of the triple-tandem repeat allele. Restriction fragment length polymorphism assays were performed in patients with at least one 3R allele using HaeIII.Patients with at least 1 thymidylate synthase 3G allele were more likely to have a complete or partial pathologic response to 5-Fluorouracil neoadjuvant therapy (odds ratio 10.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-81.6; P = .01) than those without at least one 3G allele.Identification of rectal cancer patients with specific genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in 5-Fluorouracil metabolism seems to predict the likelihood of complete or partial pathologic response to preoperative neoadjuvant therapy.

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Multimodal Imaging of Pathologic Response to Chemoradiation in Esophageal Cancer.

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Multimodal Imaging of Pathologic Response to Chemoradiation in Esophageal Cancer.

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