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Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings.

ABSTRACT: Many factors can influence the occurrence of neonatal diarrhoea in piglets. Currently, well-known pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens type C appear to play a minor role in development of disease. Other infectious pathogens may be involved. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of selected infectious pathogens in neonatal piglets with clinical and pathological signs of enteric disease. The association between rotavirus A, Enterococcus hirae, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens type A/C and diarrhoea was investigated in a case control study on piglet level. The possible role of E. coli virulence factors was investigated in a multistep-procedure using herd-pools of E.coli isolates to screen for their presence.Rotavirus A was detected more often in cases (25%) than in controls (6%) (P?

SUBMITTER: Kongsted H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6120089 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings.

Kongsted Hanne H Pedersen Karl K Hjulsager Charlotte Kristiane CK Larsen Lars Erik LE Pedersen Ken Steen KS Jorsal Sven Erik SE Bækbo Poul P

Porcine health management 20180903

<h4>Background</h4>Many factors can influence the occurrence of neonatal diarrhoea in piglets. Currently, well-known pathogens such as enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> type C appear to play a minor role in development of disease. Other infectious pathogens may be involved. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of selected infectious pathogens in neonatal piglets with clinical and pathological signs of enteric disease. The association betwee ...[more]

PMID: 30186621

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Project description:BackgroundIn recent years, new neonatal porcine diarrhoea (NNPD) of unknown aetiology has emerged in Denmark. NNPD affects piglets during the first week of life and results in impaired welfare, decreased weight gain, and in the worst-case scenario death. Commonly used preventative interventions such as vaccination or treatment with antibiotics, have a limited effect on NNPD. Previous studies have investigated the clinical manifestations, histopathology, and to some extent, microbiological findings; however, these studies were either inconclusive or suggested that Enterococci, possibly in interaction with Escherichia coli, contribute to the aetiology of NNPD. This study examined ileal and colonic luminal contents of 50 control piglets and 52 NNPD piglets by means of the qPCR-based Gut Microbiotassay and 16 samples by 454 sequencing to study the composition of the bacterial gut microbiota in relation to NNPD.ResultsNNPD was associated with a diminished quantity of bacteria from the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes while genus Enterococcus was more than 24 times more abundant in diarrhoeic piglets. The number of bacteria from the phylum Fusobacteria was also doubled in piglets suffering from diarrhoea. With increasing age, the gut microbiota of NNPD affected piglet and control piglets became more diverse. Independent of diarrhoeic status, piglets from first parity sows (gilts) possessed significantly more bacteria from family Enterobacteriaceae and species E. coli, and fewer bacteria from phylum Firmicutes. Piglets born to gilts had 25 times higher odds of having NNPD compared with piglets born to multiparous sows. Finally, the co-occurrence of genus Enterococcus and species E. coli contributed to the risk of having NNPD.ConclusionThe results of this study support previous findings that points towards genus Enterococcus and species E. coli to be involved in the pathogenesis of NNPD. Moreover, the results indicate that NNPD is associated with a disturbed bacterial composition and larger variation between the diarrhoeic piglets.

Project description:BackgroundImplants are a predictable and well-established treatment method in dentistry. Nevertheless, looking at possible failures of dental implants, early and late loss have to be distinguished. The intent of the study was to report microbiological findings on the surface of implants with severe peri-implantitis, which had to be explanted.Methods53 specimens of implants from 48 patients without severe general illnesses have been examined. The groups investigated were implants that had to be removed in the period of osseointegration (early loss, 13 patients with 14 implants) or after the healing period (late loss, 14 patients with 17 implants). The implant losses were compared with two control groups (implants with no bone loss directly after completed osseointegration, two to four months after implant placement (17 patients with 17 implants) and implants with no bone loss and prosthetic restoration for more than three years (5 patients with 5 implants)). Data about the bacteria located in the peri-implant sulcus was collected using amplification and high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsThe biofilm composition differed substantially between individuals. Both in early and late implant loss, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were found to be abundant. Late lost implants showed higher bacterial diversity and in addition higher abundances of Treponema, Fretibacterium, Pseudoramibacter and Desulfobulbus, while microbial communities of early loss implants were very heterogeneous and showed no significantly more abundant bacterial taxa.ConclusionsSpecific peri-implant pathogens were found around implants that were lost after a primarily uneventful osseointegration. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum frequently colonized the implant in early and late losses and could therefore be characteristic for implant loss in general. In general, early lost implants showed also lower microbial diversity than late losses. However, the microbial results were not indicative of the causes of early and late losses.

Project description:BackgroundCryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrhoea in young children in low-and-middle-income countries. New interventions should be informed by evidence pertaining to risk factors and their relative importance. Inconsistencies in the literature may to some extent be explained by choice of methodology, furthermore, most previous risk factor studies compared cryptosporidiosis cases to diarrhoea cases of other aetiologies rather than with controls without diarrhoea.Methodology/principal findingsWe investigated a broad set of factors in under-2-year-olds presenting with diarrhoea to a hospital and a health center in southwestern Ethiopia. We applied quantitative cut-offs to distinguish between cryptosporidiosis and incidental Cryptosporidium infection or carriage, a hierarchical causal framework to minimize confounding and overadjustment, and a case-case-control design, to describe risk factors for both cryptosporidiosis and non-cryptosporidiosis diarrhoea. Moderate and severe acute malnutrition were strongly associated with both cryptosporidiosis and non-cryptosporidiosis diarrhoea. Previous healthcare attendance and low maternal education were only associated with cryptosporidiosis, whereas unsafe child stool disposal, prematurity and early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding were significantly associated with non-cryptosporidiosis diarrhoea only. By estimation of population attributable fractions, socioeconomic factors-specifically low maternal education-and public tap water use, were apparently more important risk factors for cryptosporidiosis than for non-cryptosporidiosis diarrhoea.Conclusions/significanceNutritional management of moderate acute malnutrition may be an effective intervention against cryptosporidiosis, particularly if combined with targeted therapy for cryptosporidiosis which, again, may mitigate nutritional insult. Focused caregiver education in healthcare settings and follow-up of children with acute malnutrition may prevent or improve outcomes of future episodes of cryptosporidiosis.

Dataset Information

Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings.

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Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings.

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