Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

21 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Cultural specialization of visual cortex.

ABSTRACT: A growing body of evidence suggests culture influences how individuals perceive the world around them. This study investigates whether these cultural differences extend to a simple object viewing task and visual cortex by examining voxel pattern representations with multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA). During functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, 20 East Asian and 20 American participants viewed photos of everyday items, equated for familiarity and conceptual agreement across cultures. Whole brain searchlight mapping with non-parametric statistical evaluation tested whether these stimuli evoked multi-voxel patterns that were distinct between cultural groups. We found that participants' cultural identities were successfully predicted from stimuli representations in visual cortex Brodmann areas 18 and 19. This result demonstrates culturally specialized visual cortex during a basic perceptual task ubiquitous to everyday life.

SUBMITTER: Ksander JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6121144 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Cultural specialization of visual cortex.

Ksander John C JC Paige Laura E LE Johndro Hunter A HA Gutchess Angela H AH

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 20180901 7

A growing body of evidence suggests culture influences how individuals perceive the world around them. This study investigates whether these cultural differences extend to a simple object viewing task and visual cortex by examining voxel pattern representations with multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA). During functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, 20 East Asian and 20 American participants viewed photos of everyday items, equated for familiarity and conceptual agreement across cultures. ...[more]

PMID: 29897559

Similar Datasets

Visual specialization and brain evolution in primates.

Project description:Several theories have been proposed to explain the evolution of species differences in brain size, but no consensus has emerged. One unresolved question is whether brain size differences are a result of neural specializations or of biological constraints affecting the whole brain. Here I show that, among primates, brain size variation is associated with visual specialization. Primates with large brains for their body size have relatively expanded visual brain areas, including the primary visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus. Within the visual system, it is, in particular, one functionally specialized pathway upon which selection has acted: evolutionary changes in the number of neurons in parvocellular, but not magnocellular, layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus are correlated with changes in both brain size and ecological variables (diet and social group size). Given the known functions of the parvocellular pathway, these results suggest that the relatively large brains of frugivorous species are products of selection on the ability to perceive and select fruits using specific visual cues such as colour. The separate correlation between group size and visual brain evolution, on the other hand, may indicate the visual basis of social information processing in the primate brain.

| S-EPMC1689478 | biostudies-literature

Functional Specialization and Flexibility in Human Association Cortex.

Project description:The association cortex supports cognitive functions enabling flexible behavior. Here, we explored the organization of human association cortex by mathematically formalizing the notion that a behavioral task engages multiple cognitive components, which are in turn supported by multiple overlapping brain regions. Application of the model to a large data set of neuroimaging experiments (N = 10 449) identified complex zones of frontal and parietal regions that ranged from being highly specialized to highly flexible. The network organization of the specialized and flexible regions was explored with an independent resting-state fMRI data set (N = 1000). Cortical regions specialized for the same components were strongly coupled, suggesting that components function as partially isolated networks. Functionally flexible regions participated in multiple components to different degrees. This heterogeneous selectivity was predicted by the connectivity between flexible and specialized regions. Functionally flexible regions might support binding or integrating specialized brain networks that, in turn, contribute to the ability to execute multiple and varied tasks.

| S-EPMC4598819 | biostudies-literature

Functional specialization of mouse higher visual cortical areas.

Project description:The mouse is emerging as an important model for understanding how sensory neocortex extracts cues to guide behavior, yet little is known about how these cues are processed beyond primary cortical areas. Here, we used two-photon calcium imaging in awake mice to compare visual responses in primary visual cortex (V1) and in two downstream target areas, AL and PM. Neighboring V1 neurons had diverse stimulus preferences spanning five octaves in spatial and temporal frequency. By contrast, AL and PM neurons responded best to distinct ranges of stimulus parameters. Most strikingly, AL neurons preferred fast-moving stimuli while PM neurons preferred slow-moving stimuli. By contrast, neurons in V1, AL, and PM demonstrated similar selectivity for stimulus orientation but not for stimulus direction. Based on these findings, we predict that area AL helps guide behaviors involving fast-moving stimuli (e.g., optic flow), while area PM helps guide behaviors involving slow-moving objects.

| S-EPMC3876958 | biostudies-literature

Functional specialization of seven mouse visual cortical areas.

Project description:To establish the mouse as a genetically tractable model for high-order visual processing, we characterized fine-scale retinotopic organization of visual cortex and determined functional specialization of layer 2/3 neuronal populations in seven retinotopically identified areas. Each area contains a distinct visuotopic representation and encodes a unique combination of spatiotemporal features. Areas LM, AL, RL, and AM prefer up to three times faster temporal frequencies and significantly lower spatial frequencies than V1, while V1 and PM prefer high spatial and low temporal frequencies. LI prefers both high spatial and temporal frequencies. All extrastriate areas except LI increase orientation selectivity compared to V1, and three areas are significantly more direction selective (AL, RL, and AM). Specific combinations of spatiotemporal representations further distinguish areas. These results reveal that mouse higher visual areas are functionally distinct, and separate groups of areas may be specialized for motion-related versus pattern-related computations, perhaps forming pathways analogous to dorsal and ventral streams in other species.

| S-EPMC3248795 | biostudies-literature

Changes in miRNA expression in mouse primary visual cortex following visual deprivation

Project description:Visual deprivation, either in the form of dark rearing (DR) or monocular deprivation (MD) are established paradigms for studying cortical plasticity. We have used miRNA microarray to uncover miRNAs whose expression is altered in primary visual cortex following DR and/or MD. C57BL6 mice were reared in normal light and dark conditions (control) till P28, in complete darkness since birth (DR) till P28, or were grown in normal light/dark conditions from birth till P24 and then subjected to lid suturing of one eye till P28. Mice were euthanized at P28 and their primary visual cortex areas were excised and subjected to RNA isolation. In the case of MD mice only the contralateral to lid suture primary visual cortex was extracted. 100ng of total RNA (tested and quantified using the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100) were labeled using the Agilent miRNA labeling system and hybridized to Agilent murine miRNA arrays. Microarrays were hybridized overnight at 64 ºC, scanned using an Agilent scanner and extracted with Agilent feature extractor 10.1.

2011-09-03 | E-GEOD-31536 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Changes in miRNA expression in mouse primary visual cortex following visual deprivation

2011-09-04 | GSE31536 | GEO

Depression mice primary visual cortex proteome

Project description:The project included proteomic data sets generated from samples of primary visual cortex of depressed mice and depressed mice receiving c-MSS physical therapy.

2022-02-11 | PXD031598 |

Astrocyte developmental transcriptome from mouse visual cortex

Project description:Analysis of astrocyte gene expression across postnatal development in the mouse visual cortex, spanning the time of synaptogenesis and synapse maturation.

2021-10-08 | GSE161398 | GEO

Cultural Differences in Visual Contents in Picture Books.

Project description:Previous studies investigating cultural differences in attention and perception have shown that individuals from Western countries (e. g., the U.S.) perceive more analytically whereas individuals from East Asian countries (e.g., Japan) perceive more holistically (e.g., Nisbett and Miyamoto, 2005). These differences have been shown in children as young as 3 years old (Kuwabara and Smith, 2016). To reflect cultural influences on cognition, specifically on attention and perception, this study investigated potential differences in the visual environment. In this study, we focused on one of such visual environments that young children are exposed to regularly and influence other domains of development, picture books (Horst and Houston-Price, 2015). Thirty seven U.S. picture books and 37 Japanese picture books were coded for visual contents-how visually crowded-by computer software from the National Institute of Health (NIH) and human coders. Results show that the U.S. picture books are more visually crowded than the Japanese books by the software, but contained more objects than the Japanese books as expected, which reflect well with the cultural differences in attention observed in young children in previous studies. However, the results differed based on the target ages of the books. The implication of the current study is discussed as a reflection of the mutual constitution between culture and psyche.

| S-EPMC7052262 | biostudies-literature

scRNA-seq for the monkey primary visual cortex

Project description:Transcriptomes of monkey primary visual cortex at the single-cell resolution. The dataset includes all cell types, including both glia and neurons.

2022-10-24 | E-MTAB-10459 | biostudies-arrayexpress

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data