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Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish.

ABSTRACT: Sexual dimorphism is a fascinating subject in evolutionary biology and mostly results from sex-biased expression of genes, which have been shown to evolve faster in gonochoristic species. We report here genome and sex-specific transcriptome sequencing of Sparus aurata, a sequential hermaphrodite fish. Evolutionary comparative analysis reveals that sex-biased genes in S. aurata are similar in number and function, but evolved following strikingly divergent patterns compared with gonochoristic species, showing overall slower rates because of stronger functional constraints. Fast evolution is observed only for highly ovary-biased genes due to female-specific patterns of selection that are related to the peculiar reproduction mode of S. aurata, first maturing as male, then as female. To our knowledge, these findings represent the first genome-wide analysis on sex-biased loci in a hermaphrodite vertebrate species, demonstrating how having two sexes in the same individual profoundly affects the fate of a large set of evolutionarily relevant genes.

SUBMITTER: Pauletto M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6123679 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish.

Pauletto Marianna M Manousaki Tereza T Ferraresso Serena S Babbucci Massimiliano M Tsakogiannis Alexandros A Louro Bruno B Vitulo Nicola N Quoc Viet Ha VH Carraro Roberta R Bertotto Daniela D Franch Rafaella R Maroso Francesco F Aslam Muhammad L ML Sonesson Anna K AK Simionati Barbara B Malacrida Giorgio G Cestaro Alessandro A Caberlotto Stefano S Sarropoulou Elena E Mylonas Costantinos C CC Power Deborah M DM Patarnello Tomaso T Canario Adelino V M AVM Tsigenopoulos Costas C Bargelloni Luca L

Communications biology 20180817

Sexual dimorphism is a fascinating subject in evolutionary biology and mostly results from sex-biased expression of genes, which have been shown to evolve faster in gonochoristic species. We report here genome and sex-specific transcriptome sequencing of Sparus aurata, a sequential hermaphrodite fish. Evolutionary comparative analysis reveals that sex-biased genes in S. aurata are similar in number and function, but evolved following strikingly divergent patterns compared with gono ...[more]

PMID: 30271999

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Project description:Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is a species of paramount importance to the Mediterranean aquaculture industry, with an annual production exceeding 140,000 metric tonnes. Pasteurellosis due to the Gram-negative bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) causes significant mortality, especially during larval and juvenile stages, and poses a serious threat to bream production. Selective breeding for improved resistance to pasteurellosis is a promising avenue for disease control, and the use of genetic markers to predict breeding values can improve the accuracy of selection, and allow accurate calculation of estimated breeding values (EBV) of non-challenged animals. In the current study, a population of 825 sea bream juveniles, originating from a factorial cross between 67 broodfish (32 sires; 35 dams), were challenged by 30 min immersion with 1 × 10(5) CFU virulent Phdp. Mortalities and survivors were recorded and sampled for genotyping by sequencing. The 2b-RAD sequencing approach was used to generate genome-wide SNP genotypes for all samples. A high-density linkage map containing 12,085 SNPs grouped into 24 linkage groups (consistent with the karyotype) was constructed. The heritability of surviving days (censored data) was 0.22 (95% highest density interval: 0.11-0.36) and 0.28 (95% highest density interval: 0.17-0.4) using the pedigree and the genomic relationship matrix respectively. A genome wide association study did not reveal individual SNPs significantly associated with resistance at a genome wide significance level. Genomic prediction approaches were tested to investigate the potential of the SNPs obtained by 2bRAD for estimating breeding values for resistance. The accuracy of the genomic prediction models (r = 0.38 - 0.46) outperformed the traditional BLUP approach based on pedigree records (r = 0.30). Overall results suggest that major quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting resistance to pasteurellosis were not present in this population, but highlight the effectiveness of 2b-RAD genotyping by sequencing for genomic selection in a mass spawning fish species.

Dataset Information

Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish.

Publications

Genomic analysis of <i>Sparus aurata</i> reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish.

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