Dataset Information

Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Amoxicillin-Treated Burn Patients Hospitalized at a Swiss Tertiary-Care Center.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of amoxicillin in ICU burn patients and the optimal dosage regimens. This was a prospective study involving 21 consecutive burn patients receiving amoxicillin. PK data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Monte-Carlo simulations assessed the influence of various amoxicillin dosage regimens with identified covariates on the probability to achieve a target (PTA) value of time during which free amoxicillin concentrations in plasma exceeded the MIC (fT>MIC). A two-compartment model best described the data. Creatinine clearance (CLCR) and body weight (BW) influenced amoxicillin CL and central volume of distribution (V1), respectively. The median CLCR (Cockcroft-Gault formula) was high (128 ml/min), with 25% of patients having CLCRs of >150 ml/min. The CL, V1, and half-life (t1/2) values at steady state for a patient with a CLCR of 110 ml/min and BW of 70 kg were 13.6 liters/h, 9.7 liters, and 0.8 h, respectively. Simulations showed that a target fT>MIC of ?50% was achieved (PTA > 90%) with standard amoxicillin dosage regimens (1 to 2 g every 6 to 8 h [q6-8h]) when the MIC was low (<1 mg/liter). However, increased dosages of up to 2 g/4 h were necessary in patients with augmented CLRs or higher MICs. Prolonging amoxicillin infusion from 30 min to 2 h had a favorable effect on target attainment. In conclusion, this population analysis shows an increased amoxicillin CL and substantial CL PK variability in burn patients compared to literature data with nonburn patients. Situations of augmented CLCR and/or high bacterial MIC target values may require dosage increases and longer infusion durations. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01965340.).

SUBMITTER: Fournier A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6125536 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Amoxicillin-Treated Burn Patients Hospitalized at a Swiss Tertiary-Care Center.

Fournier Anne A Goutelle Sylvain S Que Yok-Ai YA Eggimann Philippe P Pantet Olivier O Sadeghipour Farshid F Voirol Pierre P Csajka Chantal C

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20180827 9

The objective of this study was to investigate the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of amoxicillin in ICU burn patients and the optimal dosage regimens. This was a prospective study involving 21 consecutive burn patients receiving amoxicillin. PK data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Monte-Carlo simulations assessed the influence of various amoxicillin dosage regimens with identified covariates on the probability to achieve a target (PTA) value of time during which free amox ...[more]

PMID: 29914948

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Project description:BackgroundWidespread reports suggest the characteristics and disease course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza differ, yet detailed comparisons of their clinical manifestations are lacking.ObjectiveComparison of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic with those of influenza patients in previous influenza seasons at the same hospital DESIGN: Admission rates, clinical measurements, and clinical outcomes from confirmed COVID-19 cases between March 1 and April 30, 2020, were compared with those from confirmed influenza cases in the previous five influenza seasons (8 months each) beginning September 1, 2014.SettingLarge tertiary care teaching hospital in Boston, MA PARTICIPANTS: Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and influenza inpatients MEASUREMENTS: Patient demographics and medical history, mortality, incidence and duration of mechanical ventilation, incidences of vasopressor support and renal replacement therapy, and hospital and intensive care admissions.ResultsData was abstracted from medical records of 1052 influenza patients and 582 COVID-19 patients. An average of 210 hospital admissions for influenza occurred per 8-month season compared to 582 COVID-19 admissions over 2 months. The median weekly number of COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation was 17 (IQR: 4, 34) compared to a weekly median of 1 (IQR: 0, 2) influenza patient (p=0.001). COVID-19 patients were significantly more likely to require mechanical ventilation (31% vs 8%) and had significantly higher mortality (20% vs. 3%; p<0.001 for all). Relatively more COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation lacked pre-existing conditions compared with mechanically ventilated influenza patients (25% vs 4%, p<0.001). Pneumonia/ARDS secondary to the virus was the predominant cause of mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients (94%) as opposed to influenza (56%).LimitationThis is a single-center study which could limit generalization.ConclusionCOVID-19 resulted in more weekly hospitalizations, higher morbidity, and higher mortality than influenza at the same hospital.

Project description:BackgroundIndia has a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) as well as diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a chronic disease caused by deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas. The risk of TB amongst DM patients is three times higher than those without. The estimated national prevalence of DM is 7.3%. Despite the growing burden of DM, there are limited studies describing the prevalence of TB-DM in India.ObjectiveOur study estimated the prevalence of DM amongst adult hospitalized TB patients at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal and determined factors associated with the likelihood of DM-TB co-prevalence.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education. All hospitalized adult patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) between June 1st 2015 and June 30th 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Pediatric and pregnant TB patients were excluded from our study. Data were extracted from medical charts. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed in R. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, type of TB, history of TB, and nutrition (body mass index (BMI)) status.ResultsA total of 728 patients met the eligibility criteria, 517 (71%) were male, 210 (29%) female, 406 (56%) had PTB and 322 (44%) had EPTB. Amongst those with a nutritional status, 36 (30%) patients were underweight (BMI <18.4 kg/m2), 73 (40%) had a normal BMI (18.5kg/m2-24.9 kg/m2), 15 (8%) were overweight (BMI 25.0 kg/m2-29.9 kg/m2) and 9 (5%) were obese (BMI >30.0 kg/m2). A total of 720 (98.9%) of TB patients had at least one blood sugar test result. The overall prevalence of DM (n = 184) amongst TB patients was 25.3% (95% CI 22.2%, 28.6%). When stratified, it was 35.0% (30.4%, 39.9%) and 13.0% (9.7%, 17.3%) amongst PTB and EPTB patients respectively. TB patients aged 41-60 years had 3.51 times higher odds (aOR 3.51 (2.08, 6.07)) of having DM than patients 40 years or younger. Patients aged 60 years or older had 2.49 times higher odds (aOR 2.49 (1.28, 4.85)) of having DM than younger patients (<40 years). Females had lower odds (aOR 0.80 (0.46, 1.37)) of developing DM than male TB patients and patients with a history of TB had lower odds (aOR 0.73 (0.39, 1.32)) than newly diagnosed TB patients. Additionally, EPTB patients had significantly lower odds (aOR 0.26 (0.15, 0.43)) compared to PTB patients. Underweight patients also had significantly lower odds (aOR 0.25 (0.14, 0.42)) of having DM than normal weight patients.ConclusionOur study found a higher prevalence of TB-DM than the national average. TB-DM co-prevalence was significantly associated with age, type of TB and undernutrition. As India's DM prevalence is expected to rise, TB-DM will become an increasingly important part of the TB epidemic requiring specialized study and care.

Project description:BackgroundWith few exceptions the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for diagnoses and official coding guidelines do not distinguish pre-existing conditions from complications or comorbidities which occur during hospitalization. However, information on diagnosis timing is relevant with regard to the case's severity, resource consumption and quality of care. In this study we analyzed the diagnostic value and reliability of the present-on-admission (POA) indicator using routinely collected health data.MethodsWe included all inpatient cases of the department of medicine during 2016 with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, decubitus ulcer or delirium. Swiss coding guidelines of 2016 and the definitions of the Swiss medical statistics of hospitals were analyzed to evaluate the potential to encode information on diagnosis timing. The diagnoses were revised by applying the information present-on-admission by a coding specialist and by a medical expert, serving as Gold Standard. The diagnostic value and reliability were evaluated.ResultsThe inter-rater reliability for POA of all diagnoses was 0.7133 (Cohen's kappa), but differed between diagnosis groups (0.558-0.7164). The rate of POA positive of the total applied by the coding specialist versus the expert was similar, but differed between diagnoses. In group "thrombosis" SEN was 0.95, SPE 0.75, PPV 0.97 and NPV 0.60, in group "decubitus ulcer" SEN 0.89, SPE 0.82, PPV 0.89 and NPV 0.82, in group "delirium" SEN 0.91, SPE 0.65, PPV 0.71 and NPV 0.88 For all diagnoses SEN 0.92, SPE 0.73, PPV 0.87, NPV 0.82, summing up the cases of all diagnosis groups.ConclusionsCoding the POA indicator identified diagnoses which were pre-existent with insufficient reliability on individual patient's level. The overall fair to sufficient diagnostic quality is appropriate for screening and benchmarking performance on population level. As the medical statistics of hospitals carries no variable on pre-existing conditions, the novel approach to apply the POA indicator to diagnoses gives more information on quality of hospital care and complexity of cases. By preparing documentation for POA reporting diagnostic quality must be increased before implementation for risk-assessment or reimbursement on the individual patient's level.

Dataset Information

Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Amoxicillin-Treated Burn Patients Hospitalized at a Swiss Tertiary-Care Center.

Publications

Population Pharmacokinetic Study of Amoxicillin-Treated Burn Patients Hospitalized at a Swiss Tertiary-Care Center.

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