Dataset Information

Detection of betacyanin in red-tube spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and its biofortification by strategic hydroponics.

ABSTRACT: Betacyanins have been reported as water-soluble, nitrogenous pigments found in the order Caryophyllales, and they are known for powerful natural antioxidant. The biofortification of secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and betacyanins has recently been performed in food crops by metabolic engineering through genetic modification. However, the distribution of genetically modified foods is strictly regulated. Therefore, we aimed to develop a new method for biofortifying natural antioxidants, betacyanins, without genetic modification. We first detected the presence of betacyanins in red-tube spinach (Spinacia oleracea) through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. We then hydroponically cultivated plants in the presence of three candidate compounds for betacyanin biofortification: dopamine, Ca2+, and sucrose. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and antioxidant activity analyses showed that sucrose was most successful in biofortifying betacyanins, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that several genes involved in betacyanin biosynthesis were induced by sucrose. Therefore, strategic hydroponics represents a new approach for cultivating betacyanin-enriched vegetables.

SUBMITTER: Watanabe S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6128657 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Detection of betacyanin in red-tube spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and its biofortification by strategic hydroponics.

Watanabe Sho S Ohtani Yuta Y Aoki Wataru W Uno Yuko Y Sukekiyo Yasunori Y Kubokawa Seiichi S Ueda Mitsuyoshi M

PloS one 20180907 9

Betacyanins have been reported as water-soluble, nitrogenous pigments found in the order Caryophyllales, and they are known for powerful natural antioxidant. The biofortification of secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and betacyanins has recently been performed in food crops by metabolic engineering through genetic modification. However, the distribution of genetically modified foods is strictly regulated. Therefore, we aimed to develop a new method for biofortifying natural antioxidants, ...[more]

PMID: 30192863

Similar Datasets

Project description:Freeze-thaw stress is one of the major environmental constraints that limit plant growth and reduce productivity and quality. Plants exhibit a variety of cellular dysfunctions following freeze-thaw stress, including accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This means that enhancement of antioxidant capacity by exogenous application of antioxidants could potentially be one of the strategies for improving freezing tolerance (FT) of plants. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA), as an antioxidant, has been shown to improve plant tolerance against abiotic stresses but its effect on FT has not been investigated. We evaluated the effect of AsA-feeding on FT of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) at whole plant and excised-leaf level, and conducted metabolite profiling of leaves before and after AsA treatment to explore metabolic explanation for change in FT. AsA application did not impede leaf growth, instead slightly promoted it. Temperature-controlled freeze-thaw tests revealed AsA-fed plants were more freezing tolerant as indicated by: (a) less visual damage/mortality; (b) lower ion leakage; and (c) less oxidative injury, lower abundance of free radicals ( O2·- and H2O2). Comparative leaf metabolite profiling revealed clear separation of metabolic phenotypes for control versus AsA-fed leaves. Specifically, AsA-fed leaves had greater abundance of antioxidants (AsA, glutathione, alpha- & gamma-tocopherol) and compatible solutes (proline, galactinol, and myo-inositol). AsA-fed leaves also had higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase). These changes, together, may improve FT via alleviating freeze-induced oxidative stress as well as protecting membranes from freeze desiccation. Additionally, improved FT by AsA-feeding may potentially include enhanced cell wall/lignin augmentation and bolstered secondary metabolism as indicated by diminished level of phenylalanine and increased abundance of branched amino acids, respectively.

Project description:Nitrate content is an essential indicator of the quality of vegetables but can cause stress at high levels. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of nitrate stress tolerance in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). We studied the effects of exogenous application of 15 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NO3- on spinach growth, physiology, and photosynthesis. The results showed that all the nitrate treatments inhibited the growth of the aerial parts of spinach compared to the control. In contrast, low nitrate levels (50 and 100 mM) promoted spinach root formation, but this effect was inhibited at high levels (150, 200, and 250 mM). Treatment with 150 mM NO3- significantly decreased the root growth vigor. Low nitrate levels increased the chlorophyll content in spinach leaves, whereas high levels had the opposite effect. High nitrate levels also weakened the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII Y(II), and increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), reducing photosynthetic performance. Nitrate stress increased the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and promoted the accumulation of nitrate in spinach leaves, exceeding the health-tolerance limit for nitrate in vegetables, highlighting the necessity of mitigating nitrate stress to ensure food safety. Starting with the 150 mM NO3- treatment, the proline and malondialdehyde content in spinach leaves and roots increased significantly as the nitrate levels increased. Treatment with 150 mM NO3- significantly increased soluble protein and flavonoid contents, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly reduced in leaves. However, spinach could resist nitrate stress by regulating the synthesis of osmoregulatory substances such as proline, thus showing some nitrate tolerance. These results provide insights into the physiological regulatory mechanisms of nitrate stress tolerance and its mitigation in spinach, an essential vegetable crop.

Dataset Information

Detection of betacyanin in red-tube spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and its biofortification by strategic hydroponics.

Publications

Detection of betacyanin in red-tube spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and its biofortification by strategic hydroponics.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets