Dataset Information

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Cajanus cajan leaf extracts.

ABSTRACT:

Context

The leaves of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Fabaceae) have diverse bioactivities, but little safety data are reported.

Objective

This study examines the toxicological profiles of C. cajan leaf extracts.

Materials and methods

The leaves were extracted by water or 90% ethanol to obtain water or ethanol extract (WEC or EEC). EEC was suspended in water and successively fractionated into dichloroform and n-butanol extracts (DEC and BEC). Marker compounds of the extracts were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Kunming mice were administered with a single maximum acceptable oral dose (15.0?g/kg for WEC, EEC and BEC and 11.3?g/kg for DEC) to determine death rate or maximal tolerated doses (MTDs). In sub-chronic toxicity investigation, Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given WEC or EEC at 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0?g/kg doses for four weeks and observed for two weeks after dosing to determine toxicological symptoms, histopathology, biochemistry and haematology.

Results

Flavonoids and stilbenes in the extracts were assayed. In acute toxicity test, no mortality and noted alterations in weight and behavioural abnormality were observed, and the maximum oral doses were estimated as MTDs. In sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality and significant variances in haematological and biochemical parameters or organ histopathology were observed, but increased kidney weight in 3.0?g/kg WEC- or 3.0 and 6.0?g/kg EEC-treated female rats, and reduced testes and epididymis weight in EEC-treated male rats were recorded. These changes returned to the level of control after recovery period.

Conclusion

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Cajanus cajan leaf extracts was not observed.

SUBMITTER: Tang R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6130582 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Cajanus cajan leaf extracts.

Tang Rong R Tian Ru-Hua RH Cai Jia-Zhong JZ Wu Jun-Hui JH Shen Xiao-Ling XL Hu Ying-Jie YJ

Pharmaceutical biology 20171201 1

<h4>Context</h4>The leaves of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Fabaceae) have diverse bioactivities, but little safety data are reported.<h4>Objective</h4>This study examines the toxicological profiles of C. cajan leaf extracts.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>The leaves were extracted by water or 90% ethanol to obtain water or ethanol extract (WEC or EEC). EEC was suspended in water and successively fractionated into dichloroform and n-butanol extracts (DEC and BEC). Marker compounds of the extracts we ...[more]

PMID: 28494681

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Project description:BackgroundSeveral local communities in Central, Western, Eastern, and Northern regions of Uganda have been using the whole leaf extracts of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Asphodelaceae) in the treatment of various ailments. Also, several commercial companies sell A. vera as soft drinks in Uganda. However, there are inadequate reports on the toxicities of such preparations. This paper reports the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous extracts of whole leaf and green rind of A. vera in Wistar rats.MethodsAcute oral toxicity test was carried out in female Wistar rats at doses of 175, 550, 1750, and 5000 mg/kg, p.o. The animals were observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days. Similarly, a sub-acute oral toxicity test was performed in both sexes of rats at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 28 days. All the groups of animals were monitored for behavioral, morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes, including mortality and compared with respective controls. Body weights were measured weekly while the animals' relative organ weights, hematological, biochemical, gross, and microscopic pathology were examined on day 29.ResultsThere was no mortality or apparent behavioral changes at the doses tested in acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests. Thus, the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) of green rind and whole leaf aqueous extracts was above 5000 mg/kg. Gross anatomy revealed that the rats' relative spleen weight in green rind extract at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased compared to the control group. The creatinine levels in female rats that received green rind extract and the chloride ion levels in male rats administered whole leaf extract were significantly elevated. Conversely, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) levels significantly decreased at lower doses of the green rind extract compared to the control. Histopathology of the kidney revealed the renal interstitium's inflammation at doses of 200 and 800 mg/kg of the whole leaf extract.ConclusionThe findings demonstrated that A. vera green rind and whole leaf extracts are non-toxic at relatively high doses when used for a short duration. Prolonged use of the aqueous whole leaf extract might be associated with kidney toxicity.

Dataset Information

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Cajanus cajan leaf extracts.

Context

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Cajanus cajan leaf extracts.

Similar Datasets

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