Dataset Information

Administrative license suspension: Does length of suspension matter?

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Administrative license revocation (ALR) laws, which provide that the license of a driver with a blood alcohol concentration at or over the illegal limit is subject to an immediate suspension by the state department of motor vehicles, are an example of a traffic law in which the sanction rapidly follows the offense. The power of ALR laws has been attributed to how swiftly the sanction is applied, but does the length of suspension matter? Our objectives were to (a) determine the relationship of the ALR suspension length to the prevalence of drinking drivers relative to sober drivers in fatal crashes and (b) estimate the extent to which the relationship is associated to the general deterrent effect compared to the specific deterrent effect of the law. METHODS:Data comparing the impact of ALR law implementation and ALR law suspension periods were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques on the ratio of drinking drivers to nondrinking drivers in fatal crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). RESULTS:States with an ALR law with a short suspension period (1-30 days) had a significantly lower drinking driver ratio than states with no ALR law. States with a suspension period of 91-180 days had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods, while the three states with suspension lengths of 181 days or longer had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods. DISCUSSION:The implementation of any ALR law was associated with a 13.1% decrease in the drinking/nondrinking driver fatal crash ratio but only a 1.8% decrease in the intoxicated/nonintoxicated fatal crash ratio. The ALR laws and suspension lengths had a significant general deterrent effect, but no specific deterrent effect. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS:States might want to keep (or adopt) ALR laws for their general deterrent effects and pursue alternatives for specific deterrent effects. States with short ALR suspension periods should consider lengthening them to 91 days or longer.

SUBMITTER: Fell JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6133240 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Administrative license suspension: Does length of suspension matter?

Fell James C JC Scherer Michael M

Traffic injury prevention 20170210 6

<h4>Objective</h4>Administrative license revocation (ALR) laws, which provide that the license of a driver with a blood alcohol concentration at or over the illegal limit is subject to an immediate suspension by the state department of motor vehicles, are an example of a traffic law in which the sanction rapidly follows the offense. The power of ALR laws has been attributed to how swiftly the sanction is applied, but does the length of suspension matter? Our objectives were to (a) determine the ...[more]

PMID: 28436732

Similar Datasets

Project description:Administrative data accumulating daily from hospitals would provide new possibilities to assess work shifts and patient care. We aimed to investigate associations of work unit level average work shift length and length of patient in-hospital stay, and to examine the role of nurse-patient-ratio, year, night work, age, work units and working hours at the work units for these estimations. The data for this study were based on combined administrative day-to-day patient and pay-roll based objective working hour data of employees of one hospital district in Finland for 2013-2019. Three patient measures were calculated: the overall length of in-hospital stay, the length of in-hospital stay before a medical procedure and the length of in-hospital stay after a medical procedure. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with multivariate normal random effects was used with Penalized Quasi-Likelihood for relative risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The results showed that compared to <8 hours work shifts, 8-10 hours work shifts were associated with an increased likelihood of overall length of in-hospital stay (RR 1.16, 95%CI 1.15, 1.16), and the length of in-hospital stay after a medical procedure (RR 1.28, 95%CI 1.27, 1.30). The >10 hours work shifts were associated with a decreased likelihood of the overall length of in-hospital stay (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.94, 0.95) and length of in-hospital stay after a medical procedure among all occupations (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.92, 0.97). These associations retained the magnitude and direction in the models additionally adjusted for work, employee, and patient characteristics, and the associations were weaker for nurses than among all occupations. To conclude, compared with the standard work shifts, 8-10 hours work shifts seem to be associated with longer, and >10 hours work shifts with shorter length of in-hospital stay. Administrative data provides feasible possibilities to investigate working hours and length of in-hospital stay.

Project description:IntroductionAutologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) significantly reduces donor skin requirements versus conventional split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) for thermal burn treatment. In analyses using the Burn-medical counter measure Effectiveness Assessment Cost Outcomes Nexus (BEACON) model, ASCS was associated with shorter hospital length of stay (LOS) and cost savings versus STSG. This study hypothesized that daily practice data from the USA would support these findings.MethodsElectronic medical record data from 500 healthcare facilities (January 2019-August 2020) were used to match adult patients who received inpatient burn treatment with ASCS (± STSG) to patients treated with STSG alone on the basis of sex, age, percent total body surface area (TBSA), and comorbidities. Based on BEACON analyses, LOS was assumed to represent 70% of total costs and used as a proxy to assess the data. Mean LOS, costs, and the incremental revenue associated with inpatient capacity changes were calculated.ResultsA total of 151 ASCS and 2443 STSG patients were identified: 63.0% were male and average age was 44.5 years. Eight-one matches were made between cohorts. LOS was 21.7 days with ASCS and 25.0 days with STSG alone (difference 3.3 days [13.2%]). LOS was lower with ASCS than STSG in four of five TBSA intervals. The LOS difference led to hospital bed cost savings of $25,864 per ASCS patient; overall cost savings were $36,949 per patient. Similar cost savings were observed in TBSA groupings < 20% and ≥ 20%. The reduced LOS with ASCS translated into an increased capacity of 2.2 inpatients/bed annually, which increased hospital revenue by $92,283/burn unit bed annually.ConclusionsReal-world data show that ASCS (± STSG) is associated with reduced LOS and cost savings versus STSG alone across all burn sizes, supporting the validity of the BEACON analyses. ASCS use may also increase patient capacity and throughput, leading to increased hospital revenue.

Dataset Information

Administrative license suspension: Does length of suspension matter?

Publications

Administrative license suspension: Does length of suspension matter?

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets